PANKAJ KUMAR

0811013116
SEC-A

INTRODUCTION TO STEPPER MOTOR

Electromechanical device which converts electrical

pulses into discrete mechanical movements.

Shaft of a stepper motor rotates in discrete step
increments when electrical pulses are applied.
Sequence of the applied pulses is directly related to
the direction of motor shafts rotation.
Speed of rotation is directly related to the frequency
of input pulses applied.

STEPPER MOTOR TYPES

There are three basic stepper motor types.
Permanent-magnet
Variable-reluctance
Hybrid

PERMANENT MAGNET (PM) TYPE

PERMANENT MAGNET TYPE :

PM type stepper motor

permanent magnet is
rotor and coils are put on
stator.
The rotor will move 90
degrees for each pulse of
electricity that the motor
receives

WORKING OF STEPPER MOTER

WORKING:
When current flows holding torque is produced.
Without power, rotor will detent or align to
magnetic poles ,here 4 Such positions are present.

changing the current flow to the next stator

winding, the magnetic field will be changed 90&
rotor will move 90 before its magnetic fields will
again align with the change in the stator field.
The turn of the motor is controlled by the electric
current which pours into different stator terminals.

VARIABLE-RELUCTANCE TYPE
Consists of a soft iron

multi-toothed rotor and

a wound stator.
When the stator windings
are energized with DC
current the poles become
magnetized.
Rotation occurs when the
rotor teeth are attracted to
the energized stator poles.

HYBRID TYPE
Step Angles For hybrid Stepper

motor Range From 3.6 to 0.9

degree With 100 400 Steps
Per Revolution.
Detent, holding and dynamic
torque characteristics of the
motor are better compared to
both the VR and PM types.

APPLICATION:
Used in controlled
rotation angle, speed,
position applications.
Printers, Plotters, High
End Office Equipment,
Hard Disk Drives,
Medical Equipment,
Fax Machines, Robotics,
automotive And Many More.

SOME PRACTICAL FIGURES:

Used in Dot Matrix Printer

Used in CD-ROM Drive

STEPPING MODES:
Full Step Drive ----200 full steps per

revolution and 1.8 full step angle

Half Step----- 400 full steps per revolution
and 0.9 full step angle.

STEP ANGLE ACCURACY:

Stepper motor is popular due to

its accuracy .
Step angle accuracy is 3-5% of
one step.
Positional Error
Step Position Erro

ADVANTAGES OF STEPPER
MOTORS:
The rotation angle of the motor is proportional to the

input pulse.
Excellent response to starting, stopping/reversing
The motors response to digital input pulses provides
open-loop control.
It is possible to achieve very low speed synchronous
rotation.
A wide range of rotational speeds can be realized
Very reliable since there are no contact brushes in the
motor.
Accuracy of 3 5% of a step and this error is non
cumulative from one step to the next.

CONCLUSION:
These are very popular in our day to day life due to a lot
of advantages. So stepper motors can replace the
conventional DC motors where accuracy and torque is
required and also in digital control circuits, such as
robotics.