 IT came as early as 4th B.C.

 ‘Shreni’ or guild system & co-operative sector

 Wages according to quantity &quality of work

 Punishment was also used

 Active participation of government in running

pvt. &public business
 Well enunciated procedures to regulate
employer- employee relationship
 BRAHMINS- those involved with teaching,
sacrifice, state management
 Kshatriyas- specialised in fighting
 Vaishyas- engaged in trade, business, agriculture
 Shudras- engaged in manual work
JUSTICE & EQUITY marked the relationship
between EMPLOYER & EMPLOYEE (14th cen B.C.
to 10th cen A.D.)
 Lots of foreign aggressions
 Revival of business during mughal period

 Karkhanas came up in Agra, Delhi , lahore ,

Ahmedabad
 Poor condition of labour due to- low wages ,
climatic conditions, poor physique
 Laissez- faire policy in the beginning
 Plantation act 1863 –for indigo & tea
plantations
 Factory act 1881- 1 off a week,
inspections, 11 hours for women
workers, minimum age for children 7 &
working hours 7 during the day only.
 Workmen’s Compensation Act,1923
 The industrial disputes act 1947

 Factories act 1948 – welfare officer on

500 or more workers
 Minimum Wages Act, 1948

 Employees State Insurance,1948

 The EPF and Miscellaneous provisions

act, 1952
 Mines act 1952
 Bombay mill hands association
 Printers union, Calcutta-1905
 Postal union, Bombay -1907
 Madras labour union – 1918
 Abolition of indentured labour system-
1922
 Central labour board 1922 (to federate
unions in Bombay)
 All India trade union congress - 1922
DEFINITION- SYDNEY & BEATRICE WEBB
“A CONTINUOUS ASSOCIATION OF WAGE
EARNERS FOR THE PURPOSE OF
MAINTAINING OR IMPROVING THE
CONDITIONS OF THEIR WORKING LIVES.”
Acc. to the TRADE UNIONS ACT, 1926, “A
TRADE UNION AIMS TO PROTECT AND
PROMOTE THE INTERESTS OF THE
WORKSERS AND THE CONDITIONS OF
THEIR EMPLOYMENT.”
 INTRA MURAL –( MILITANT
FUNCTIONS)WAGE RISES, PROPER WORKING
CONDITIONS, ETC.
 EXTRA MURAL –WELFARE OF THEIR
MEMBERS
 POLITICAL FUNCTIONS –LEGISLATIVE
&ADMINISTRATIVE MEASURES
 SOCIAL FUNCTIONS – DISCHARGING
SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITIES(EDUCATING THE
CUSTOMER).
 ORGANISING DRIVE- Forming a
union where none exists
 COLLECTIVE BARGAINING-
negotiation’s between the aggrieved
workers and the management
 STRIKE – Suspension of production,
cuts the creation of profits, etc
 POLITICAL – Political patronage of
national parties
 BLACKMAILING – At some critical
point of time.
 IT LEGALISED THE FORMATION OF TRADE
UNIONS BY PROVIDING THE RIGHT TO FORM &
ORGANISE UNIONS
 IT PROVIDES THE GUIDELINES FOR THE
REGISTERATION OF TRADE UNIONS
 CANCELLATION OF REGISTERATION

 RIGHTS & LIABILITIES OF REGISTERED TRADE

UNIONS
 DISQUALIFICATION OF OFFICE BEARER
 FEDERATION OF INDIAN CHAMBERS OF
COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY(FICCI)
 COUNCIL OF INDIAN EMPLOYERS(CIA)

 ASSOCIATED CHAMBER OF COMMERCE

AND INDUSTRY OF INDIA(ASSOCHAM)
 ALL INDIA MANUFACTURERS
ORGANISATION (AIMO),ETC.