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Contents
AMR Overview
AMR Requirements and Network Considerations
AMR Parameters
AMR Measurements
Potential Impact on Network
MCCI NSN Tehran AMR Trends
AMR Overview
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AMR Introduction
AMR (Adaptive Multi Rate) consists of a family of codecs with different bit-rates
operating in GSM FR and HR
The aim is to improve channel (FR/HR) quality by adapting the most appropriate
channel codec based on current radio condition
The trade off made between quality and robustness by varying bit-rates.
Codec mode adaptation (link adaptation) is based on received channel quality in
both MS and BTS.
The basic AMR codec mode sets for MS and BTS are provided by BSC via layer
3 signalling.
MS shall support all speech codec modes, although only a set of up to 4 speech
codec modes are used during a call
New GSM standard based voice coding in phone and network. Implementation
in radio network and phone is needed to realize the benefits.
For internal use
4
Nokia Siemens Networks
AMR Introduction
At low C/I, a large amount of channel coding is applied and less speech coding. When the C/I
increases the speech coding is increased and the channel coding is decreased. So the speech
coding (data) and channel coding rates (Error correction) are adapted to the existing RF
environment, hence the term adaptive.
25
Channel coding
Speech coding
20
15
10
5
0
FR
12.2
FR
10.2
FR
7.95
FR
5.15
FR
4.75
HR
7.95
HR
5.15
HR
4.75
Voice quality
3.0
EFR
AMR FR
2.0
1.0
No Errors 16 dB C/I 13 dB C/I 10 dB C/I
7 dB C/I
4 dB C/I
Robustness
2.0
FR
AMR HR
1.0
No Errors19 dB C/I16 dB C/I13 dB C/I10 dB C/I 7 dB C/I 4 dB C/I
15
14
13
12
11
10
1
0.00%
2.00%
4.00%
8.00%
10.00%
12.00%
14.00%
FER [%]
6.00%
GSM EFR
GSM FR
AMR 12.2 kbit/s
AMR 10.2 kbit/s
AMR 7.95 kbit/s
AMR 7.4 kbit/s
AMR 6.7 kbit/s
AMR 5.9 kbit/s
AMR 5.15 kbit/s
AMR 4.75 kbit/s
GSM HR
15
14
13
12
11
10
1
0.00%
2.00%
4.00%
GSM HR
8.00%
10.00%
FER [%]
6.00%
12.00%
14.00%
C/I
EFR operation
AMR mode
AMR
Mode
30
25
12.2 kbit/s
20
7.95 kbit/s
AMR
[dB]
FR
HR
12.2
10.2
15
6.70 kbit/s
10
5.90 kbit/s
0
0
10
15
20
25
30
Time[s]
speech
coding
For internal use
10
Nokia Siemens Networks
chan.
coding
7.95
7.4
7.4
6.7
6.7
5.9
5.9
5.15
5.15
4.75
4.75
AMR Introduction
AMR Capacity benefits:
Improved robustness in Full Rate allows tightening of re-use patterns increased spectral efficiency
Operation of Half Rate channels will free available capacity for data traffic reduced blocking
Base Station Cell Coverage
Improved performance at
cell edge
HO
12.2
7.4
5.9
5.15
7.95
5.9
4.75
HO
4.75
HO
Improved BCCH plan: tighter frequency reuse or better quality with same
frequency reuse, potentially releasing frequencies to be used on the nonBCCH layer. This is applicable when EFR legacy terminals do not
represent a significant portion of the traffic.
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AMR HW Support
Below are the HW requirements for AMR deployment.
RBS
All RBS2000 base stations support AMR, except for early versions of RBS2301 (< R6A)
No support in RBS200
BSC
AXE810 supports AMR (TRA R6)
BYB501 supports AMR on TRA R5B
BYB202 dont support AMR, except in BYB501 expansions
R10
Define own Active Codec Sets
Included modes
Mode change thresholds
AMR statistics
Codec mode utilization
Call drop rate
BSSR12
Adaptive Multi Rate introduced anew predefined codec set consisting of the codec modes: 4.75,
5.9, 7.4, 12.2 for Full Rate AMR
G10 A
Improved configuration capability for FR-AMR and HR-AMR Configurable initial codec mode
Possible to start with a codec mode with a higher bit rate (compared to the default setting
defined in 3GPP) after changing channels
AMR Parameters
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When C/I drops below decision threshold THR_3, codec mode 3 (CODEC_MODE_3) will be in operation instead
of codec mode 4 (CODEC_MODE_4). The sum of the decision threshold and hysteresis constitutes the upper
threshold between two codec modes, e.g when C/I exceeds THR_3 + HYST_3 codec mode 4
(CODEC_MODE_4) will be in operation instead of codec mode 3 (CODEC_MODE_3).
Parameter
Radio Feature
AMRPCSTATE
QDESULAFR
QDESULAHR
SSDESULAFR
SSDESULAHR
QDESDLAFR
QDESDLAHR
SSDESDLAFR
SSDESDLAHR
SSOFFSETULAFR
SSOFFSETDLAFR
QOFFSETULAFR
QOFFSETDLAFR
QLIMULAFR
QLIMDLAFR
BQOFFSETAFR
RLINKTAFR
RLINKTAHR
RLINKUPAFR
RLINKUPAHR
DTHAMR
DMTHAMR
DMQBAMR
DMQGAMR
MS Power Control
AMR Features
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Description
Range
AMRPCSTATE
ACTIVE or INACTIVE
SSDESULAFR
Target value for AMR FR connections for the desired signal strength uplink
47 to 110
SSDESDLAFR
Target value for AMR FR connections for the desired signal strength downlink
47 to 110
QDESULAFR
0 to 76
QDESDLAFR
0 to 76
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AMR where the parameter RLINKT will be replaced with RLINKTAFR for connections
using the codec type AMR FR,RLINKTAHR for connections using the codec type AMR
HR and parameter RLINKUP will be replaced with RLINKUPAFR for connections using
the codec type AMR FR,RLINKUPAHR for connections using the codec type AMR HR.
In the uplink, the algorithm is the same, but managed by the BSC and basing the
decisions on successfully decoded measurement results on the uplink, that is in the base
station parameter RLINKUP controls the algorithm, unless the connections are using
codec type AMR FR where RLINKUPAFR are used.
The algorithm is of the type "leaky bucket", and bases the decisions on successfully
decoded SACCH messages (480 ms). There is a "bucket", initially containing a number
given by parameter RLINKT, RLINKTAFR or RLINKTAHR for downlink and
RLINKUP, RLINKUPAFR or RLINKUPAHR for uplink.
When a SACCH message has been received but not successfully decoded, the "bucket"
RLINKTAFR :The maximum value of the radio downlink counter for AMR FR connections.
RLINKTAHR :The maximum value of the radio downlink counter for AMR HR connections.
Range:8 to 64 in steps of 4
Unit:SACCH periods (480 ms).
RLINKUPAFR:The maximum value of the radio link counter on the uplink for AMR FR
connections.
Range:8 to 64 in steps of 4
Unit:SACCH periods (480 ms).
Range:1 to 63
Unit:SACCH periods (480 ms).
RLIKUPAHR:The maximum value of the radio link counter on the uplink for AMR HR
connections.
Range:1 to 63
Unit:SACCH periods (480 ms)
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Operator Benefits
Reduced cost of ownership and Increased revenue
BSS G1A Enhancements
In BSS G10A, AMR HR is enhanced with Improved configuration capability.
Increased speech quality: Possible to start with a codec mode
AMR statistics
Codec mode utilization
Call drop rate
AMR Wideband
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AMR Wideband-Introduction
The feature AMR Wide Band was introduced in BSS R08A.
AMR Wide Band (AMR-WB) is a new speech codec that provides
significantly improved speech quality. This is accomplished by
using a speech bandwidth of 0.1 to 7 kHz compared to the
traditional 0.3 to 3.4 kHz bandwidth used for the existing GSM
codecs and in the fixed networks. By adding both low and high
frequencies to the speech a much clearer and more pleasant
speech is achieved.
AMR-WB is implemented for the GSM Full Rate channel using
GMSK modulation with three codec modes as defined in the 3GPP
standards.
AMR-WB
Feature Overview
All nodes involved in a call from one subscriber to another must
Performance comparison
EFR, FR_AMR, AMR-WB
BSC HW Impact
TRA R6 or later is required.
BTS HW Impact
sTRU/dTRU or similar TRU is required
BSS Characteristics
Dependencies to other BSS features
None
Dependencies to other NE
Terminals
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DHA parameters
DTHAMR is the threshold parameter for AMR HR capable MSs at channel allocation below which
an AMR MS will be allocated a HR channel. The parameter expresses the ratio between idle and
de-blocked TCHs in percent and is set per cell. It can be set per priority level if using Speech Quality
Priority.
DTHNAMR is the threshold parameter for non AMR HR but DR capable MSs at channel allocation
below which a DR capable MS will be allocated a HR channel. The parameter expresses the ratio
between idle and de-blocked TCHs in percent and is set per cell. It can be set per priority level if
using Speech Quality Priority.
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Mode adaptation
New feature in R10, Enhanced in R07B, by introducing Traffic load threshold to initiate HR to FR
handover
Capacity boost from HR only when needed to avoid congestion
Parameters
Parameter
Description
Range
DMTHAMR
0 to 100
DMQBAMR
Channel quality threshold for Adaptive Multi Rate (AMR) capable mobiles
using a HR traffic channel.
0 to 100
DMQGAMR
Channel quality threshold for Adaptive Multi Rate (AMR) capable mobiles
using a FR traffic channel.
0 to 100
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Parameter Description
Parameter
Description
Range
SSOFFSETULAFR
-30 to +30
SSOFFSETDLAFR
-30 to +30
QOFFSETULAFR
-50 to +50
QOFFSETDLAFR
-50 to +50
QLIMULAFR
QLIMDLAFR
BQOFFSETAFR
Downlink quality threshold for bad quality urgency handovers for AMR FR
connections.
Uplink quality threshold for bad quality urgency handovers for AMR FR
connections.
Signal strength region for bad quality urgency handovers for AMR FR connections.
0 to 100
0 to 100
0 to 63
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OSS required
TRA R5A, R5B & TRA R6
The feature offers automatic reconfiguration of Transcoder HW and
Transcoder pools based on Transcoder pool usage statistics.
For internal use
57
Nokia Siemens Networks
10th second and the mean percentage of idle resources overthe last
TIMERECONFminutes is calculated.
The TIMERECONFis set to 2 minutes for immediate reconfiguration and 60
minutes for delayed reconfiguration. Every 10th second isthe frequency
for accumulating STS counters today.
TIMERECONFis an application parameter and can not be changed by the
operator.
A transcoder pool with the mean percentage of idle resources below a
threshold, TTRAREQ, shall be a candidate to receive transcoder resources.
A transcoder pool with the mean percentage of idle resources equal to or above
a threshold, TTRAEXexcluding the idle transcoder resources to remove,
shall be a candidate to steal transcoder resources from.
AMR Measurements
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Object Types
Transcoder level statistics are available on TRAPEVENT
Traffic counters belong to object types CLTCHFV3 and
CLTCHHV3
Codec mode utilization counters (uplink and downlink), belong to
object types CLTCHFV3C and CLTCHHV3C.
FER counters, belong to object types CELLAFFER and
CELLAHFER.
Dropped call counters, belong to object types CLTCHDRAF and
CLTCHDRAH.
SQI counters, belong to object types CELLSQI and CELLSQIDL.
TRAPEVENT
Counter Name
Description
TPACC
Number of accumulations
TPACTTR
TPAVTR
TPIDLTR
TPALLOC
TPCONG
TPCTIME
TPSYNCF
TPTFOESTATT
TPTFOEST
TPTFOTIME
Accumulated number of seconds all TFO capable devices have been used in a speech call
TPTFOOPETIME
Accumulated number of seconds all TFO capable devices have been in TFO operation mode
Counter Name
Description
CLTCHFV3
TFV3CALLS
CLTCHFV3
TFV3CALLSSUB
CLTCHFV3
TFV3TCONGS
CLTCHFV3
TFV3TCONSUB
CLTCHFV3
TFV3TRALACC
CLTCHFV3
TFV3NSCAN
CLTCHFV3
TFV3TRALSUB
CLTCHFV3
TFV3CONGSAS
CLTCHFV3
TFV3CONGSASSUB
CLTCHFV3
TFV3CONGSHO
CLTCHFV3
TFV3CONGSHOSUB
CLTCHHV3
THV3CALLS
CLTCHHV3
THV3CALLSSUB
CLTCHHV3
THV3TCONGS
CLTCHHV3
THV3TCONSUB
CLTCHHV3
THV3TRALACC
CLTCHHV3
THV3NSCAN
CLTCHHV3
THV3TRALSUB
CLTCHHV3
THV3CONGSAS
CLTCHHV3
THV3CONGSASSUB
CLTCHHV3
THV3CONGSHO
CLTCHHV3
THV3CONGSHOSUB
Counter Name
Description
CLTCHFV3C
TFV3CM1UL
CLTCHFV3C
TFV3CM2UL
CLTCHFV3C
TFV3CM3UL
CLTCHFV3C
TFV3CM4UL
CLTCHFV3C
TFV3CM1DL
CLTCHFV3C
TFV3CM2DL
CLTCHFV3C
TFV3CM3DL
CLTCHFV3C
TFV3CM4DL
CLTCHHV3C
THV3CM1UL
CLTCHHV3C
THV3CM2UL
CLTCHHV3C
THV3CM3UL
CLTCHHV3C
THV3CM4UL
CLTCHHV3C
THV3CM1DL
CLTCHHV3C
THV3CM2DL
CLTCHHV3C
THV3CM3DL
CLTCHHV3C
THV3CM4DL
Counter Name
Description
CELLAxFER
TAx1ULFER
CELLAxFER
TAx2ULFER
CELLAxFER
TAx3ULFER
CELLAxFER
TAx4ULFER
CELLAxFER
TAx5ULFER
CELLAxFER
TAx1ULSUBFER
CELLAxFER
TAx2ULSUBFER
CELLAxFER
TAx3ULSUBFER
CELLAxFER
TAx4ULSUBFER
CELLAxFER
TAx5ULSUBFER
CELLAxFER
TAx1DLFER
CELLAxFER
TAx2DLFER
CELLAxFER
TAxDL3FER
CELLAxFER
TAx4DLFER
CELLAxFER
TAx5DLFER
CELLAxFER
TAx1DLSUBFER
CELLAxFER
TAx2DLSUBFER
CELLAxFER
TAx3DLSUBFER
CELLAxFER
TAx4DLSUBFER
CELLAxFER
TAx5DLSUBFER
Counter Name
Description
CLTCHDRAx
TxDISTAA
CLTCHDRAx
TxSUDLOSA
CLTCHDRAx
TxSUDLOSSUBA
CLTCHDRAx
TxDISSDLA
CLTCHDRAx
TxDISSDLSUBA
CLTCHDRAx
TxDISSULA
CLTCHDRAx
TxDISSULSUBA
CLTCHDRAx
TxDISSBLA
CLTCHDRAx
TxDISSBLSUBA
CLTCHDRAx
TxDISQADLA
CLTCHDRAx
TxDISQADLSUBA
CLTCHDRAx
TxDISQAULA
CLTCHDRAx
TxDISQAULSUBA
CLTCHDRAx
TxDISQABLA
CLTCHDRAx
TxDISQABLSUBA
Counter Name
Description
CELLSQI
TSQIGOODAF
Number of measurements with good speech quality when the channel rate is TCH/F and the speech version is SPV3
CELLSQI
TSQIGOODAH
Number of measurements with good speech quality when the channel rate is TCH/H and the speech version is SPV3
CELLSQI
TSQIGOODSUBAF
Number of measurements with good speech quality in overlaid subcell when the channel rate is TCH/F and the speech version is SPV3
CELLSQI
TSQIGOODSUBAH
Number of measurements with good speech quality in overlaid subcell when the channel rate is TCH/H and the speech version is SPV3
CELLSQI
TSQIACCPTAF
Number of measurements with acceptable speech quality when the channel rate is TCH/F and the speech version is SPV3
CELLSQI
TSQIACCPTAH
Number of measurements with acceptable speech quality when the channel rate is TCH/H and the speech version is SPV3
CELLSQI
TSQIACCPTSUBAF
Number of measurements with acceptable speech quality in overlaid subcell when the channel rate is TCH/F and the speech version is SPV3
CELLSQI
TSQIACCPTSUBAH
Number of measurements with acceptable speech quality in overlaid subcell when the channel rate is TCH/H and the speech version is SPV3
CELLSQI
TSQIBADAF
Number of measurements with unsatisfactory speech quality when the channel rate is TCH/F and the speech version is SPV3
CELLSQI
TSQIBADAH
Number of measurements with unsatisfactory speech quality when the channel rate is TCH/H and the speech version is SPV3
CELLSQI
TSQIBADSUBAF
Number of measurements with unsatisfactory speech quality in overlaid subcell when the channel rate is TCH/F and the speech version is SPV3
CELLSQI
TSQIBADSUBAH
Number of measurements with unsatisfactory speech quality in overlaid subcell when the channel rate is TCH/H and the speech version is SPV3
CELLSQID
TSQIGOODAFDL
Number of measurements with good speech quality when the channel rate is TCH/F and the speech version is SPV3 on downlink.
CELLSQID
TSQIGOODAHDL
Number of measurements with good speech quality when the channel rate is TCH/H and the speech version is SPV3 on downlink.
CELLSQID
TSQIGOODSUBAFDL Number of measurements with good speech quality in overlaid subcell when the channel rate is TCH/F and the speech version is SPV3
CELLSQID
TSQIGOODSUBAHDL
Number of measurements with good speech quality in overlaid subcell when the channel rate is TCH/H and the speech version is SPV3 on
downlink.
CELLSQID
TSQIACCPTAFDL
Number of measurements with acceptable speech quality when the channel rate is TCH/F and the speech version is SPV3 on downlink.
CELLSQID
TSQIACCPTAHDL
Number of measurements with acceptable speech quality when the channel rate is TCH/H and the speech version is SPV3
CELLSQID
TSQIACCPTSUBAFDL
Number of measurements with acceptable speech quality in overlaid subcell when the channel rate is TCH/F and the speech version is SPV3 on
downlink.
CELLSQID
TSQIACCPTSUBAHDL
Number of measurements with acceptable speech quality in overlaid subcell when the channel rate is TCH/H and the speech version is SPV3 on
downlink.
CELLSQID
TSQIBADAFDL
Number of measurements with unsatisfactory speech quality when the channel rate is TCH/F and the speech version is SPV3
CELLSQID
TSQIBADAHDL
Number of measurements with unsatisfactory speech quality when the channel rate is TCH/H and the speech version is SPV3 on downlink.
CELLSQID
TSQIBADSUBAFDL
Number of measurements with unsatisfactory speech quality in overlaid subcell when the channel rate is TCH/F and the speech version is SPV3
on downlink.
CELLSQID
TSQIBADSUBAHDL
Number of measurements with unsatisfactory speech quality in overlaid subcell when the channel rate is TCH/H and the speech version is SPV3
on downlink.
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Subscribers experience better speech quality with AMR FR and hold on to the
call until it drops due to bad SAACH performance instead of initiating a
disconnection themselves.
For this reason, the parameters RLINKTAFR,RLINKTAHR, RLINKUPAFR,
RLINKUPAHR has to be set to a higher value than RLINKT, RLINKUP to give a
robust SACCH due to the longer holding time.
For internal use
72
Nokia Siemens Networks
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Traffic Distribution
Test Case: B071E (1st Week of April)
SQI Distribution
Test Case: B071E (1st Week of April)
AMR FR Samples
AMR HR Samples