Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
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CE403
Construction Methodology
Compaction &
Finishing
Air
H2O
Soil
Air
H2O
Soil
Impact
Vibration
10
Standard
Modified
4" or 102 mm
4" or 102 mm
5" cut to 4.59"
5" cut to 4.59"
Height of Sample
127 mm cut to 117 mm 127 mm cut to 117 mm
Number of Layers
3
5
Blows per Layer
25
25
5.5 lb
10 lb
Weight of Hammer
2.5 kg
4.5 kg
2"
2"
Diameter of Hammer
51 mm
51 mm
12"
18"
Height of Hammer Drop
305 mm
457 mm
1/30 ft3
1/30 ft3
Volume of Sample
0.94 l
0.94 l
12,400 ft-lb/ft 3
56,200 ft-lb/ft 3
Compactive Effort
592 kJ/m3
2,693 kJ/m3
11
Line Of
Optimums
Modified Proctor
Zero Air Voids
Standard Proctor
Modified
Proctor Test
Results for
Various Soils
15
Compaction Specifications
16
Line Of
Optimums
Standard Proctor
95% of Standard
Proctor
18
Vibratory
Compactors
HandOperated
19
20
Pneumatic/Tired Compactor
21
Vibratory
22
Water Trucks
23
Equipment
Selection
25
Number of Passes
26
Number of Passes
27
28
Job Management
29
31
32
Traffic Lanes
PAVEMENT
BASE
SUB BASE
SUBGRADE
Compacted or Stabilized
34
Shoulder
Blade Positions
35
36
Estimating Production
Time, h
37
Efficiency
Ave. Speed for Section, mi
Grading Example
23.1h
5.0 mph 6.0 mph 0.80
4.0 mph
39
1.
Construction productivity
3%
2.
Multi-factor productivity
82%
3.
Labor productivity
3%
4.
Partial-factor productivity
40
1.
Normal element
0%
2.
Arc Element
6%
3.
Counter element
88%
4.
Combi element
41
1.
9%
2.
78%
3.
9%
4.
42
1.
75
22%
2.
130
7%
3.
200
26%
4.
100
43
1.
Hydraulic Excavator
59%
2.
Shovels
35%
3.
Drag lines
6%
4.
Back hoes
44
1.
Lm(rm-f)
9%
2.
Lm(rm)
35%
3.
Lm(rm-s)
6%
4.
Lm(rm-b)
45
1.
0%
2.
Tire flexing
3%
3.
Vehicle Weight
80%
4.
46
1.
3%
2.
77%
3.
20%
4.
47
27%
1.
7%
54%
2.
3%
15%
3.
15.7%
4%
4.
18%
48
49