By: Dasinen A/L Thiagarajan

CAUSATIVE
ORGANISM AND
IDENTIFICATION OF
DISEASE

What is Ebola?
Ebola virus disease (EVD; also Ebola hemorrhagic fever, or EHF), or
simply Ebola, is a disease of humans and other primates caused
by ebola viruses.
So the causative organism of ebola are the ebolaviruses(genus) which
belongs to the family Filoviridae .
There are five types of these viruses known for now:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Bundibugyo ebolavirus
Reston ebolavirus
Sudan ebolavirus
Ta Forest ebolavirus

5. Zaire ebolavirus

INFECTED BY EBOLA!! HOW TO

KNOW!!
First symptoms are the sudden onset of fever fatigue,
muscle pain, headache and sore throat.
This is followed by vomiting, diarrhea, rash, symptoms
of impaired kidney and liver function, and in some
cases, both internal and external bleeding (e.g. oozing
from the gums, blood in the stools).

HOW TO CONFIRM???
It is difficult to differentiate EVD from other infectious disease.. So to
confirm it these investigations are a must

antibody-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

antigen-capture detection tests
serum neutralization test
reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay
electron microscopy
virus isolation by cell culture.

FACT 101
During the first outbreak of ebola in 1976, patients
were treated with quinine as the symptoms of ebola
is similar to malaria

RECENT TRENDS OF
OCCURANCE

On March 2014, the

first cases were
confirmed in Liberia.
WHO announced that
there had been 112
cases and 70 deaths
due to Ebola overall
(including suspected
cases).

A boy named Emile

Ouamouno, who died in
December 2013 in the village
of Meliandou, Guckdou
Prefecture, Guinea, was
the index case of the
current Ebola virus
disease epidemic.

Followed by death of
family members.
Then during the
burial women from
other villages were
infected and spread
the disease to other
villages.

On May 26 WHO
reports the first
cases and deaths in
Sierra Leone,
in Kailahun District.

Reported
death till
date is
6,346

3177 in Liberia
1742 in sierra leone
1212 in guinea
8 in Nigeria
6 Mali
1 USA
2 Spain

 Other minor countries affected are

COUNTRY

DATE

CASE

Nigeria

July 2014
September 2014

1 death
20 cases 8 death (under control)

Spain

August 2014

1 death
both voluntary workers

September 2014

1 death

Mali

November 2014

6 death. But 256 contact are monitored

currently.

USA

November 2014

1 death

Distribution of the disease worlwide

Factors
contributing to
disease emergence

RESERVOIRS OF EBOLA
Have yet to be confirmed
However fruit bat have known to carry the disease withoutgetting
sick. The three possible species are:
Hypsignathus monstrosus(hammer-headed bat)

Epomops franqueti
Myonycteris torquata(little collared fruit bat)

Incubation
period.

The incubation period of

ebola virus is 2 to 21 days.
Humans are not infectious
until they develop
symptoms.

SUSCEPTIBILITY AND
RESISTANCE OF EBOLA

People who are

at more risk of
being infected
by ebola

health workers;

family members or
others in close
contact with infected
people;

mourners who have

direct contact with
the bodies of the
deceased as part of
burial ceremonies.

MODE OF
TRANSMISSION

Prevention and control

Education to increase awareness among communities affected with ebola

Isolation.

Use protective gears.

Contact trace.

Proper burial.

Improve healthcare system