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Controls cell division with check points in the cell cycle. Loss of control of
mitosis causes tumour formation.
Interphase
a) Longest part of the cell cycle
b) The chromosomes are barely visible, dispersed chromatin, which is
actively involved in protein synthesis.
c) Interphase has G1 (first growth phase, synthesis of new organelles); S
(synthesis of DNA); and G2 (2nd growth phase, more organelles)
Interphase is an active period in the life of a cell when many biochemical
processes occur:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
DNA replication
DNA transcription
Protein synthesis
Cell respiration
Cytoplasm increase
Cell growth
New organelles synthesized eg
mitochnodria
MITOSIS:
This is the division of the nucleus. It occurs in a sequence of four stages:
Prophase
the chromatin continue to condense to form densely staining double stranded structures called
chromosomes.
Each metaphase chromosome consists of two identical chromatids attached at a point called a
centromere.
The nucleolus disappears; start of breakdown of the nuclear membrane.
Metaphase Nuclear membrane breaks down
the centromeres of the metaphase chromosomes become attached to the spindle microtubules,
which extend from each pole of the cell.
The chromosomes are aligned in a linear manner at the equator of the cell.
Anaphase
the centromeres divide
the two identical sister chromatids separate.
The chromosomes are pulled to opposite poles of the cell by the spindle fibres.
Telophase
chromosomes move to the two poles of the cell and start to uncoil.
Nucleoli reform, the spindle fibres breakdown and nuclear membranes form around the two, new
nuclei.
Cytokinesis
Nuclear membrane breaks down during METAPHASE and the chromosomes align at the
equator; spindle fibres attached to centromeres
The chromosomes are pulled to opposite poles; each pole taking one identical copy of
each chromosome
Nuclear membrane reform during TELOPHASE to give two genetically identical nuclei.
Quantity of DNA
Replication of
chromosomes
Volume of cell
G1
New Organelles
and proteins
made
G2
Mitosis
Interphase
cytokinesis
solenoid
Histone proteins
Metaphase chromosome:
This structure is only visible in
dividing cells
Mitosis occurs as a result of the cells needs eg: growth repair, asexual
reproduction. (Mitosis is not always ON, only when needed.)
2.
There are check points in the cell cycle will allows the stages of mitosis
to proceed forward.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Can occur on any organ and can spread to other parts of the body.
7.
http://science.education.nih.gov/supplements/nih1/cancer/activities/activity2_animations.htm