Swetamadhab Mahanta

Asst. Professor
Electronics & Communication Dept.

Suresh Gyan Vihar University/Electronics & Communication Dept./DSP

Suresh Gyan Vihar University/Electronics & Communication Dept./DSP

Digital Signal Processing (DSP) is the

mathematical manipulation of an information
signal to modify or improve it in some way. It
is characterized by the representation of
discrete time, discrete frequency, or other
discrete domain signals by a sequence of
numbers or symbols and the processing of
these signals

Lets go for a story!!!!!!!!

A flow of information.
It is a physical quantity, which may be a
function of time, distance, position,
temperature , pressure etc.
It represents some variables of interest
associated with a system.

It is of two types

OR
It is of four types

Continuous Signal

Discrete Signal

Analog Signal

Digital Signal

Ans: Digital means we can have some

fixed values in amplitude. That value
may be two, three, four etc. And , If that
fixed value is two than , we can group
them as binary.

All binary signals are digital but all

digital signals are not binary

1.

2.
3.
4.

Digital Continuous : No of amplitude levels

are fixed and defined continuously over time
period.
Digital Discrete : No of amplitude levels are
fixed and are only for certain time instants.
Analog Discrete: Amplitude levels are not
fixed and are only for certain time instants.
Analog Continuous: Amplitude levels are not
fixed and defined continuously over time
period.

1.Digital continuous

2.Digital discrete:

3. Analog continuous

4. Analog discrete:

a) Graphical representation
For discrete signals t is replaced by n.

b) Sequence Representation:
The quantity in the bracket are amplitudes
time intervals. x(n)={1,2,2,1,2,-2,0}
n=0
Right sided signalsIf the arrow mark is not specified by default ,the
first element gets the arrow and it is right
handed signal
x(n)={1,2,2,1,2,-2,0}; x(0)=1
x(1)=2
:
x(-1)=0

c) Functional representation:
x(n)= 2 , n=0,-1,2
1 , n=1,-2
-2, n=3
0, elsewhere
d) Tabular representation:
n -1
0
1
x(n) ... 2
1
2

2
2

..

a) Unit impulse / unit sample sequence [(n)]

(n)= 1 , n=0
0 , n0
Sequence response : {0,1,0}={1}
Graphical response :

Unit impulse function shifted by two units:

x(n)= (n+2)

b) Unit step signal sequence: [u(n)]

u(n)= 1 , n0
0 , n<0
Sequence response:
u(n)={1,1,1,1}
Graphical representation:

c) Unit ramp sequence:

ur (n)= n , n0
0 , n<0
Sequence response:
ur (n)= {0,1,2,3}
Graphical representation:

1.Addition
x(n)={1,2,3,4} , x(n)={1,5,7,6,-1,3}
x(n)+ x(n)={1,5,7,1,6,5}
2.Subtraction
x(n)-x(n)={-1,-5,-5,3,0,5}

3. Multiplication
[x(n)].[x(n)]={0,0,6,-2,9,0}

4. Scaling
3 x(n)={3,6,9,15}

The digital hardware are compact, reliable ,

less expensive, and programmable.
Since the DSP system are programmable, the
performance of the system can be easily
upgraded.
The digital signal can be permanently stored
in magnetic media so that they are
transportable and can be processed in nonreal-time or offline.

Biomedical: ECG, EEG, EMG. Digital X-ray,

Ultrasonic scan image, MRI scan.
Speech Processing: Compression, Restoration
Audio and Video Equipment
Communication
Image processing
Geology

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