TELab

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING
CYCLE I
1.
Load Test On Single Cylinder Texvel Diesel Engine

Load Test On Twin Cylinder Texvel Diesel Engine
Load Test On Four Cylinder Matador Diesel Engine
Load Test On Four Cylinder Isuzu Petrol Engine
Load Test On Generator Set
Performance Test On Single Stage Reciprocating Air
Compressor
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
ENGINEERING
CYCLE II
1.
Valve Timing Diagram Of Four Stroke Diesel

Engine
Determination of Flash and Fire Point
Determination of Heat Energy Distribution of Texvel
Diesel Engine
Retardation Test On Single Cylinder Texvel Diesel
Engine
Morse Test On Isuzu Petrol Engine
Test On Air Conditioning Test Rig
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
ENGINEERING
MONDAY BATCH
GROUP
G1
ROLL
NOS
1-7
G2
G3
G4
G5
8-13 14-19 20-25 26-31
ENGINEERING
G6
32-37
THURSDAY BATCH
GROUP
ROLL
NOS
G1
G2
38-46
47-52
G3
G4
G5
G6
53-58 59-64 65-83 84-89
ENGINEERING
CONDUCTING OF EXPERIMENT AND

RECORD WRITING
Steps
for
conducting
practicals
laboratories
Preparing for the Experiment
Performing the Experiment
Writing the Rough Record
Drawing the Graphs and Analysis of Results
OF MECHANICAL
Writing of theDEPARTMENT
FairENGINEERING
Record
in

RECORD WRITING
Preparing for the experiment
The student has to posses the following

materials for his laboratory work
Rough Record of A4 size
Fair record
Scientific Calculator
Pen, clutch pencil, eraser and a straight edge
Note:- Students must wear uniform, lab coat and

shoes strictly.
ENGINEERING

RECORD WRITING
Students should study the relevant theory of

the experiment to be conducted and
understand the working principle and various
part details of the machine or equipment.
Start writing the work record by placing the
heading in the facing page top using capital
letters. The serial number and date of
experiment should be noted on the left side
margin of the page.
ENGINEERING

RECORD WRITING
Write the AIM of the experiment in detail

showing the name of graphs to be plotted .
Note the APPARATUS or SPECIFICATION of
the equipment / machine and the instruments
to be used in detail below the aim.
ENGINEERING

RECORD WRITING
Prepare the LINE SKETCH of the experimental set up in

the work record and mark the various part names and
details.
Write down the values which are kept constant during the
experiment in the page provided for OBSERVATION. Below
this draw the TABULAR COLUMN to note the readings
taken during the experiment (at least seven readings
should be taken).
ENGINEERING

RECORD WRITING
Preparing for the experiment
Write a brief PRINCIPLE of the experiment

below the apparatus or specifications,
showing the formulae used for calculations.
The symbols, abbreviations and units used
should be clearly noted.
ENGINEERING

RECORD WRITING
ENGINEERING

RECORD WRITING
Performing the experiment
Check the experimental layout and set the

equipment or machine ready for starting. This
may include lubrication, removal of loads
etc(precuations).
Start the equipment by running the machine
or equipment in the specified conditions. Take
the first set of readings only after attaining
the steady state.
ENGINEERING

RECORD WRITING
Know the full range of the equipment in which

the observations can be taken. Divide this
possible range into approximately equal
intervals to get seven sets of readings.
Record the observed values in the tabular
columns of the work record using pen.
Overwriting
and
corrections
are
not
permitted.
ENGINEERING

RECORD WRITING
After completing the taking of observations,

bring the equipment or machine to the zero
load or starting condition and switch off.
Take readings without parallax error and note
only the mean value, if the needle on the dial
is vibrating, the water level is fluctuating etc.
ENGINEERING

RECORD WRITING
Writing the work record
Heading
Serial number and date
Aim
Apparatus / Specification
Line sketch
Principle
ENGINEERING

RECORD WRITING

Observations
SL NO
-----
LOAD
TIME FOR
10CC FUEL
CONSUMPTIO
NS
BRAKE
POWER
INDICAT
ED
POWER
KG
TOTAL FUEL
CONSUMPTI
ON
SPECIF FUEL
CONSUMPTI
ONS
BP
IP
TFC
SFC
SEC
KW
KW
KG/HR
KG/KW HR
BRAKE
THERMAL
EFFICIENC
Y
INDICATED
THERMAL
EFFICIENCY
ENGINEERING
MECH
EFFICIENCY
BRAKE
MEAN
EFFECTIVEP
RESSURE
INDICATED
MEAN
EFFECTIVE
PRESSURE
BMEP
IMEP
KN/M2
KN/M2

RECORD WRITING
Precaution
Procedure
Sample calculation
The complete calculation of a set of readings has

to be prepared under this sub heading. It should
contain each and every step starting from the
equations, meaning of notations, substitution
values, units etc. The title of the sample
calculation should indicate the set number also.
ENGINEERING

RECORD WRITING
Plotting of graphs
Select the independent variable for x axis and dependant

variable for y axis.
Locate the axes by drawing horizontal and vertical lines.
Select suitable scales for the axes.
Plot the points representing the data entered in the table and
mark the identification symbol for each point.
Study the layout of the points and compare the standard shape
of the curve. If any point is far away from the path of the
average curve, ignore that point and draw the best fitting
average curve .
ENGINEERING

RECORD WRITING
Plotting of graphs
Use different colors for different curves.
Label the axis and name the curves.
Print the title, scale of graph etc neatly on the

right top corner.
If anything is to be marked or determined

from the graph, do the same and print the
values as answer from the graph
ENGINEERING
Model
of a
graph
ENGINEERING

RECORD WRITING
Result and Inference
Result
This includes the details of all the graphs drawn

and the specific values determined as required in
the aim of the experiment
Inference
Intended for the interpretation of the result of the

experiment.
ENGINEERING

RECORD WRITING
Writing of fair record
Fair record of a laboratory is actually a fair

copy of the work record, after correcting the
mistakes if any and signing by staff member
in charge.
Has to be written in good hand writing.
Corrections,
overwriting
avoided.
ENGINEERING
etc
should
be

RECORD WRITING
The main and subheadings can
be printed
using color pen.
The running matter has be written using blue

color.
Graphs should be drawn with sharp color pen.

ENGINEERING

RECORD WRITING
ENGINEERING
TESTING OF AN ENGINE
The engine performance relating to the engine

measurement and performance. these include not
only the physical measurement such as cylinder
diameter, length of piston stroke, cylinder volume,
and so on, but Also the engine rating, efficiency, heat
balance etc.
Work:
When an object is moved by the application of a
force, work is said to be done. It is measured by the
product of the distance the body moves and the force
applied on it. Unit is M-N
ENGINEERING
BORE AND STROKE
BORE: The inside diameter of the cylinder is

called bore.
STROKE: Is the distance the piston travels
from one dead centre to other dead centre.
The size of the engine cylinder is
referred to in terms of the bore and stroke.
These are used to measure the piston
displacement.
ENGINEERING
PISTON DISPLACEMENT:
Is the volume displaced by the piston as it moves from its
top dead centre to the bottom dead centre position. It
determines the size of the piston in cubic centimeters.
ENGINE DISPLACEMENT:
Defined as the total volume displaced by all the pistons as
they move from their top dead centre to bottom dead centre
position.
It determines the size of an engine in cc
Engine displacement is = D^2 L N
4
ENGINEERINGD2
ENERGY:
Energy is the ability or capacity to do the work. when the work is done
on an object, energy is stored in that object.
POWER:
Power is the rate of doing work. The work can be done slowly or
rapidly. The rate at which the work is done is measured in terms of
power. Unit is N-M/SEC.
Horse power is the biggest unit of power
1 HP = 75 M-Kg/sec
TORQUE:
torque is the twisting or turning effort. It is equal to the product of
the force and its perpendicular distance to the point of rotation.unit
is N-M
ENGINEERING
LOAD TEST ON SINGLE CYLINDER

TEXVEL DIESEL ENGINE
AIM:
(a) To conduct a load test on single cylinder texvel diesel engine
at constant speed and varying load conditions
(b) To determine the frictional power of the engine
(c) To plot the following graphs
(i) Total fuel consumption Vs Brake power
(ii) Specific fuel consumption Vs Brake power
(iii)Brake thermal efficiency Vs Brake power
(iv) Indicated thermal efficiency Vs Brake power
(v) Brake mean effective pressure Vs Brake power
(vi) Indicated mean effective pressure Vs Brake power
(vii) Mechanical efficiency Vs Brake power
ENGINEERING

APPARATUS:
1. Experimental set-up of the Texvel single
cylinder diesel engine consisting of brake
drum, arrangement for measuring net
load on the drum and fuel consumption.
2. Stop watch.
3. Tachometer
ENGINEERING

SPECIFICATIONS:
Bore = 80 mm
Stroke = 110 mm
No of strokes = 4
Rated power of the engine = 3.75 KW
Speed = 1500 rpm
Type of loading = brake drum
Diameter of brake drum = 300 mm
Diameter of rope = 23 mm
ENGINEERING

PRINCIPLE:
The engine is run at constant speed and
varying out put. At each out put, time for diesel
consumption and the load applied on brake
drum were noted. Speed was monitored. The
calculations involved are.
A) Maximum load, Pmax in KW
rated power = 2 N Pmax (R+r)/1000
N=speed of the engine in rpm
R=radius of the brake drum in M
ENGINEERING
r = radius of the rope
in M

B)Brake power BP in KW
BP = 2 NT/1000
T= Torque on the brake drum
= P(R+r) N-M
P= net load on the brake drum
= W-S in Kg
W= Total weight including hanger weight inN
S= spring balance reading in N
ENGINEERING

C) Total fuel consumption, TFC
TFC = (Vd*3600)/ t in kg/Hr
V = volume of fuel consumed for which
time t in sec is noted(cm3)
d= specific density of diesel,0.82
D) Specific fuel consumption, SFC
SFC = TFC/BP in Kg/KW Hr
ENGINEERING

E) Brake Thermal Efficiency, Bth
Bth = (BP*3600*100)/(TFC* CV) in %
Cv = Calorific value of
diesel,43000KJ/Kg
F)Brake Mean effective pressure, BMEP
BMEP = BP*60,000)/(L*A*(N/2)*n) in NM^2
L=LENGTH OF STROKE in M
A= Area of the cylinder in M^2
= ( D^2)/4
ENGINEERING

G) Frictional power FP in KW
Graph BP Vs TFC is Plotted. From this BP
corresponding to zero TFC is noted and it is
equal to FP
H) Indicated Power, IP in KW
IP = BP+FP
I) Indicated Thermal Efficiency, Ith
Ith = (IP*3600*100)/(TFC*CV)
in %
ENGINEERING

J) Indicated Mean Effective Pressure, IMEP
in N/M^2
IMEP = (IP*60,000)/(L*A*N/2*n)
k) Mechanical efficiency mech
mech
= BP/IP in %
ENGINEERING
PRECAUTIONS
The engine should be started and stopped at no load

conditions.
The engine oil in the sump should be checked using the
dip stick.
There should be sufficient cooling water and it should be
circulated while the engine is started. there should be
adequate quantity of fuel in the fuel tank and fuel supply
value should be opened before starting the engine.
Each time before taking the observations engine speed
should be monitored and steady sate conditions are
ensured
ENGINEERING

PROCEDURE:
The maximum load that can be applied so as not to over

load the engine was calculated.
The engine was started after taking all the precautions
mentioned above.
The engine was made to run for some time to attain
steady state conditions
At no load, the time for 10 cc of diesel consumption was
noted.
The engine was loaded by applying weights on the
hanger of the brake drum and adjusting the tension of
the rope by means of spring balance.
ENGINEERING

The time for 10 cc diesel consumption, the

applied weight and the spring balance reading
were noted down.
The experiment was repeated by increased the
load in equal steps to maximum load.
The engine was then brought back to no

load condition and was stopped by cutting
of the fuel supply.
The observations were tabulated.
ENGINEERING

OBSERVATIONS:
Rated power =
in KW
Speed = in rpm
Diameter of brake drum = in mm
Diameter of rope = in mm
Weight of hanger = in N
ENGINEERING

Sl
no
Load
on
hanger
Spring
balance
reading
Net
load
Time for 10 cc
fuel
consumption
W-S
t1
t2
tq
B
P
TFC
k
w
Kg/h
r
SFC
IP
Bt
Ith
mec
BMEP
IMEP
KN/m2
kN/m2
Kg/kwh
r
ENGINEERING
k
w

RESULT:
1.Conducted load test on twin cylinder texvel diesel engine
at constant speed.
2.From graph
The maximum brake thermal efficiency of engine =
The maximum indicated thermal efficiency =
The maximum mechanical efficiency of the engine =
The frictional power of the engine =
ENGINEERING

INFERENCE:
ENGINEERING
LOAD TEST ON TWIN CYLINDER

AIM:
(a) To conduct a load test on twin cylinder texvel diesel engine
ENGINEERING

APPARATUS:
1. Experimental set-up of the Texvel twin
cylinder diesel engine consisting of brake
drum, arrangement for measuring net
load on the drum and fuel consumption.
2. Stop watch.
3. Tachometer
ENGINEERING

SPECIFICATIONS:
Bore = 87.5 mm
Stroke = 110 mm
No of strokes = 4
Speed = 1500 rpm
Type of loading = brake drum
Alternator efficiency = 75%
Type of loading = electric loading
ENGINEERING

PRINCIPLE:
The engine is run at constant speed and varying
out put. At each out put, time for diesel consumption,
time for energy meter disc revolution and the electric
light load are noted. The Speed was monitored. The
calculations involved are.
rated power = 7.5* altr
altr = alternator efficiency = 75%
ENGINEERING

BP = n*3600/t1*k* altr
n=number of revolutions of energy meter disc
for which time t1 is noted.
K= energy meter constant (300 rev/kw hr)
ENGINEERING

TFC = (V*d*3600)/t in kg/Hr
ENGINEERING

E)Brake Thermal Efficiency, Bth
Bth = (BP*3600*100)/(TFC* CV) in %
Cv = Calorific value of diesel,43,000KJ/Kg

BMEP = BP*60,000)/(L*A*(N/2)*n) in NM^2
= ( D^2)/4
ENGINEERING
LOAD TEST ON TWIN CYLINDER TEXVEL

DIESEL ENGINE
corresponding to zero TFC is noted and it is
equal to FP
IP = BP+FP
I)Indicated Thermal Efficiency Ith
Ith = (IP*3600*100)/(TFC*CV) in %
ENGINEERING

in N/M^2
IMEP = (IP*60000)/(L*A*N/2*n)
mech
= BP/IP in %
ENGINEERING
PRECAUTIONS

conditions.
dip stick.
circulated while the engine is started. there should be
adequate quantity of fuel in the fuel tank and fuel supply
value should be opened before starting the engine.
ensured
ENGINEERING

PROCEDURE:

mentioned above.
noted.
The engine was loaded by switching on one bank of
electric lights.
ENGINEERING

The time for 10 cc diesel consumption, and time

for 5 revolutions of energy meter disc were note
down.

of the fuel supply.
ENGINEERING

OBSERVATIONS:
Rated power =
in KW
Speed = in rpm
altr = alternator efficiency = 75%
ENGINEERING

DIESEL ENGINE
Sl
no
Electric
Load
Time for 10 cc
fuel consumption
t1
t2
tq
BP
TFC
SFC
IP
Bth
Ith
mec
BMEP
IMEP
kw
Kg/hr
Kg/kwh
r
kw
KN/m2
kN/m2
ENGINEERING

DIESEL ENGINE
RESULT
1.Conducted load test on twin cylinder texvel diesel engine
at constant speed.
2.From graph
The
The
The
The
maximum brake thermal efficiency of engine =

maximum indicated thermal efficiency =
maximum mechanical efficiency of the engine =
frictional power of the engine =
ENGINEERING

DIESEL ENGINE
INFERENCE:
ENGINEERING
LOAD TEST ON FOUR CYLINDER

MATADOR DIESEL ENGINE
AIM:
(a) To conduct a load test on four cylinder matador diesel engine
ENGINEERING

APPARATUS:
1. Experimental set-up of the matador four
cylinder diesel engine consisting of
hydraulic dynamometer as the loading
device and arrangement for measuring
fuel consumption.
2. Stop watch.
3. Tachometer
ENGINEERING

SPECIFICATIONS:
Bore = 78mm
Stroke = 94 mm
No of strokes = 4
Speed = 1500 rpm
Type of loading = hydraulic dynamometer
ENGINEERING

PRINCIPLE:
The engine is run at constant speed and varying out
put. At each out put, time for diesel consumption and
the load applied on dynamometer were noted. Speed
was monitored. The calculations involved are.
rated power = Pmax * N/C
Pmax = Maximum load that can be applied
N
= engine speed in rpm
C
= dynamometer constant,2000
ENGINEERING

BP = Pmax * N/C
Pmax
N
C
Maximum load that can be applied

ENGINEERING

time t in sec is noted(cm^3)
ENGINEERING

ENGINEERING

Bth = (BP*3600*100)/(TFC* CV) in %
Cv = Calorific value of diesel,43000KJ/Kg

BMEP = (BP*60000)/(L*A*(N/2)*n) in NM^2
= ( D^2)/4
ENGINEERING

corresponding to zero TFC is noted and it
is equal to FP
IP = BP+FP
Ith = (IP*3600*100)/(TFC*CV) in %
ENGINEERING

in N/M^2
IMEP = (IP*60,000)/(L*A*N/2*n)
mech
= BP/IP in %
ENGINEERING
PRECAUTIONS

conditions.
dip stick.
circulated while the engine is started.
There should be adequate quantity of fuel in the fuel
tank and fuel supply valve should be opened before
starting the engine.
ensured.
When the engine is no load conditions the clutch should
be in disengaged position.
ENGINEERING

PROCEDURE:

mentioned above.
noted.
The clutch was engaged and the engine was loaded with
the hydraulic dynamo meter.
ENGINEERING


down.

off the fuel supply.
ENGINEERING

Sl
no
Electric
Load
Time for 10 cc
fuel consumption
t1
t2
tq
BP
TFC
SFC
kw
Kg/hr
Kg/kw
hr
IP
Bth
kw
ENGINEERING
Ith
mec
BMEP
KN/m2
IMEP
kN/m2

RESULT
1.The load test was conducted on the four cylinder
matador diesel engine at constant speed and varying
load and the following were obtained from the graph
plotted.
2.From graph
The
The
The
The

ENGINEERING

INFERENCE:
ENGINEERING
LOAD TEST ON FOUR CYLINDER ISUZU

PETROL ENGINE
AIM:
(a) To conduct a load test on four cylinder matador diesel engine
ENGINEERING

ISUZU PETROL ENGINE
APPARATUS:
1. Experimental set-up of the matador four
cylinder diesel engine consisting of
hydraulic dynamometer as the loading
device and arrangement for measuring
fuel consumption.
2. Stop watch.
3. Tachometer
ENGINEERING

ISUZU PETROL ENGINE
SPECIFICATIONS:
Bore = 78mm
Stroke = 94 mm
No of strokes = 4
Speed = 1500 rpm
Type of loading = hydraulic dynamometer
ENGINEERING

ISUZU PETROL ENGINE
PRINCIPLE:
The engine is run at constant speed and varying out
put. At each out put, time for diesel consumption and
the load applied on dynamometer were noted. Speed
was monitored. The calculations involved are.
rated power = Pmax * N/C
Pmax = Maximum load that can be applied
N
C
ENGINEERING

ISUZU PETROL ENGINE
BP = Pmax * N/C
Pmax
N
C
Maximum load that can be applied

ENGINEERING

ISUZU PETROL ENGINE
ENGINEERING

ISUZU PETROL ENGINE
Bth = (BP*3600*100)/(TFC* CV) in %
Cv = Calorific value of diesel,43,000KJ/Kg

BMEP = (BP*60000)/(L*A*(N/2)*n) in NM^2
= ( D^2)/4
ENGINEERING
]
ISUZU PETROL ENGINE
corresponding to zero TFC is noted and it
is equal to FP
IP = BP+FP
Ith = (IP*3600*100)/(TFC*CV) in %
ENGINEERING

ISUZU PETROL ENGINE
in N/M^2
IMEP = (IP*60,000)/(L*A*N/2*n)
mech
= BP/IP in %
ENGINEERING
PRECAUTIONS

conditions.
dip stick.
circulated while the engine is started.
There should be adequate quantity of fuel in the fuel
tank and fuel supply valve should be opened before
starting the engine.
ensured.
When the engine is no load conditions the clutch should
be in disengaged position.
ENGINEERING

ISUZU PETROL ENGINE
PROCEDURE:

mentioned above.
noted.
The clutch was engaged and the engine was loaded with
the hydraulic dynamo meter.
ENGINEERING

ISUZU PETROL ENGINE

down.

ENGINEERING
LOAD TEST ON FOUR CYLINDER ISUZU

PETROL ENGINE
Sl
no
Electric
Load
Time for 10 cc
fuel consumption
t1
t2
tq
BP
TFC
SFC
IP
Bth
Ith
mec
BMEP
IMEP
kw
Kg/hr
Kg/kwh
r
kw
KN/m2
kN/m2
ENGINEERING

ISUZU PETROL ENGINE
RESULT
1.The load test was conducted on the four cylinder
matador diesel engine at constant speed and varying
load and the following were obtained from the graph
plotted.
2.From graph
The
The
The
The

ENGINEERING

ISUZU PETROL ENGINE
INFERENCE:
ENGINEERING
LOAD TEST ON GENERATOR SET
AIM:
(a) To conduct a load test on generator set at constant speed and
varying load conditions
ENGINEERING

APPARATUS:
1. Experimental
set-up consists of a
generator set with electric light loading
facility.
2. Stop watch.
3. Tachometer.
ENGINEERING
SPECIFICATIONS:
Engine:
Rated power = 1.1kw
Speed = 3000 rpm
Generator:
220V, 3.6A, 8KVA, single phase,50HZ
Speed =3000rpm
Alternator efficiency =80%
Type of loading =electric loading
ENGINEERING
PRINCIPLE:
The generator set will run at constant speed and
varying Output. At each out put, time for fuel
consumption and the load applied are Noted. The
constant speed should be monitored. The calculations
involved are.
ENGINEERING

a)Brake power BP in KW
BP = W/ alt
W = Maximum load that can be applied
alt = alternator efficiency = 80%
ENGINEERING

B) Total fuel consumption, TFC
TFC = (V*K*3600)/t in kg/Hr
V = volume of fuel consumed for which time
t in sec is noted(cm3)
K= specific density of kerosene,0.79
C) Specific fuel consumption, SFC
ENGINEERING

Bth = (BP*3600*100)/(TFC* CV) in %
Cv = Calorific value of kerozene,43,500kJ/kg
ENGINEERING
PRECAUTIONS
Sufficient level of engine oil in the sump should be

ensured before starting the engine.
conditions.
As the engine is air cooled there is no need for the
supply of cooling water.
The engine should be started with petrol as the fuel.
Switch over to kerosene for running the engine.
ENGINEERING

PROCEDURE:

mentioned above.
steady state conditions, and the generator was switched
on.
At no load, the time for 10 cc of kerosene consumption
was noted.
ENGINEERING
The experiment was repeated by increasing the

electric load in equal steps to maximum
permissible value.

The observations were tabulated and the
characteristic curves were plotted.
ENGINEERING
Sl
no
Electric
Load
Time for 10 cc fuel

consumption
t1
t2
tq
BP
TFC
SFC
Bth
kw
Kg/hr
Kg/kwhr
ENGINEERING

RESULT
1.The load test was conducted on the generator set at
constant speed and varying load and the following was
obtained from the graph plotted.
2.From graph
The maximum brake thermal efficiency of engine = in %
ENGINEERING
INFERENCE:
ENGINEERING
PERFORMANCE TEST ON SINGLE

SATAGE RECIPROCATING AIR
COMPRESSOR
AIM:
(a) To conduct a performance test on the given air compressor to
determine
(i) Volumetric efficiency
(ii) Isothermal efficiency
(iii) Adiabatic efficiency
b)
To plot the following graphs

(i) Delivery pressure Vs volumetric efficiency
(ii) Delivery pressure Vs isothermal efficiency
(iii) Delivery pressure Vs Adiabatic efficiency
ENGINEERING

COMPRESSOR
APPARATUS:
1
The given air compressor is of the reciprocating type
with one vertical cylinder, fins around the cylinder aid in
air cooling. An AC electrical motor provides the drive
through a belt drive System. The motor and compressor
cylinder are mounted on a rigidly built storage tank.
The air intake is fitted with a sharp edged orifice
plate ,differential manometer and flexible polyethene
connection tube.
Mounted on a panel are pressure gauge, energy
meter, automatic pressure control switch and safety
valve.
2.Stop watch
3.Tacho meter
ENGINEERING

COMPRESSOR
SPECIFICATIONS:
Operating voltage:200-240V, 50 Hz AC
Operating current:10A
Safety value setting :7.8 Kg/CM^2
Shaft speed:570-750 rpm
Working pressure:0-7.2 Kg/CM^2
Motor capacity:1.5HP at 1440 rpm
Efficiency of motor:80%
Cd of orifice:0.64
ENGINEERING

COMPRESSOR
PRINCIPLE:
The performance of an air compressor varies with
different operating conditions like different pressure,
mass of air delivered, speed of the Compressor. The test
seeks to predict the performance of the air compressor
over a range of delivery pressure while the speed is held
constant and there by determine the optimal operating
conditions where the input is minimal while the output,
ie mass of air delivered, is maximal.
The compressor is tested by progressively closing the
delivery valve. The calculations involved are
ENGINEERING

COMPRESSOR
A)Pressure head across orifice, h in meters of
water.
h=h1-h2
h1,h2 =manometer reading in m of water.
B)Equivalent height of air column, H

H=h*(w/ air) m of air,
Where w=density of water =1000kg/m^3
air =1.225
ENGINEERING

COMPRESSOR
C) Actual intake volume of air in to the
compressor at ambient conditions, Va
Va = cd*a*2gH in m^3/sec
Cd = coefficient of discharge of orifice (0.64)
a= area of the orifice = ( D^2 )/4 in m^2
d= diameter of the orifice in m
D) Actual intake volume of air in to the compressor
at NTP conditions,V1
V1=Va *(T1/Ta) in m^3
T1 = 273k,TaDEPARTMENT
= (273+t)k
OF MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING
PERFORMANCE TEST ON SINGLE SATAGE

RECIPROCATING AIR COMPRESSOR
E) Theoretical volume swept by piston at NTP
Vth = ( D^2 L N)/4*60
D= bore dia of the cylinder in m
L = Stroke length in m
N = shaft speed in rpm
F) VOLUMETRIC EFFICIENCY,
vol
vol =(V1/Vth)*100 in %
G) Compression ratio, r
= (Pgauge + Patm)/ Patm

ENGINEERING

H)Iso thermal work done(compressor output) Wiso
in KW
W iso = Pa*Va*ln(r) in watts
Pa =ambient pressure in N/M^2
Va = volume of air intake to the
compressor at ambient conditions.
in(m^3/sec)
r = compressor ratio
= (Pgauge + Patm)/ Patm

ENGINEERING

I) Work input to the compressor shaft. Win
Win =[(n*3600)*
m* b]/(t*k) watts
n =number of revolutions of energy

meter disc
m =motor efficiency
b = belt efficiency
K = energy meter constant, 240rev/KWhr
J) Isothermal Efficiency,
iso
iso =(Wiso/Win)*100
ENGINEERING

K) Adiabatic work done ,Wadia in Watts
Wadia = (n/n-1) *Pa Va[r^(n-1/n)-1]
n = isothermal expansion index =1.3 for air
r, compression ratio =V1/V2
L) Adiabatic efficiency,
adia
adia = (Wadia/Win)*100
ENGINEERING
PRECAUTIONS
Ensure sufficient level of lubricating oil SAE 40.

The delivery valve of storage tank should be opened
while starting the compressor.
Do not exceed the permissible rate pressure
7.2Kg/cm^2 while conducting the test
ENGINEERING

COMPRESSOR
PROCEDURE:
The initial reading of the pressure gauge should be zero

before starting the experiment.
The single stage reciprocating air compressor was then
started at no load conditions.
At the no load state (ie delivery with full open),the
readings of energy meter, manometer, room
temperature and pressure gauge readings were noted.
Using the tachometer the compressor speed was
monitored.
The energy meter reading was taken by noting the time
for revolutions of the disc.
ENGINEERING

COMPRESSOR
The experiment was repeated for various loads

by gradually increasing the delivery pressure to
the maximum permissible value.
The compressor was then stopped at no load
condition.
ENGINEERING

COMPRESSOR
S
l
n
o
Press
gauge
readin
g
Sp
ee
d
Pg
Kg/cm
^2
rp
m
Mano
meter
readin
g
Time
for 5
rev
of
E/M
disc
Air
he
ad
h
m
Vol of air
v
ol
actu
al
NT
P
Va
V1 Vth
M^3
M^
3
Co
mp
r.ra
tio
i/p
work
done
Iso
work
done
Adiab
atic
work
done
iso
iso
ia
dia
THE
ORA
TICA
L
M^3
ENGINEERING
Wip Wis
o
Wadi
kw
kw
kw

COMPRESSOR
RESULT
Performance test on the given single stage air compressor
was done and To plot the following graphs
(i) Delivery pressure Vs volumetric efficiency
(ii) Delivery pressure Vs isothermal efficiency
(iii) Delivery pressure Vs Adiabatic efficiency
From Graph
(i) Volumetric efficiency =
(ii) Isothermal efficiency =
(iii) Adiabatic efficiency =
ENGINEERING

COMPRESSOR
INFERENCE:
ENGINEERING

TELab

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DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL

Load Test On Single Cylinder Texvel Diesel Engine

Valve Timing Diagram Of Four Stroke Diesel

8-13 14-19 20-25 26-31

53-58 59-64 65-83 84-89

CONDUCTING OF EXPERIMENT AND

Preparing for the Experiment

Performing the Experiment

Writing the Rough Record

Drawing the Graphs and Analysis of Results

CONDUCTING OF EXPERIMENT AND

Preparing for the experiment

The student has to posses the following

Rough Record of A4 size

Pen, clutch pencil, eraser and a straight edge

Note:- Students must wear uniform, lab coat and

CONDUCTING OF EXPERIMENT AND

Preparing for the Experiment

Students should study the relevant theory of

CONDUCTING OF EXPERIMENT AND

Preparing for the Experiment

Write the AIM of the experiment in detail

CONDUCTING OF EXPERIMENT AND

Preparing for the Experiment

Prepare the LINE SKETCH of the experimental set up in

CONDUCTING OF EXPERIMENT AND

Preparing for the experiment

Write a brief PRINCIPLE of the experiment

CONDUCTING OF EXPERIMENT AND

CONDUCTING OF EXPERIMENT AND

Performing the experiment

Check the experimental layout and set the

CONDUCTING OF EXPERIMENT AND

Performing the experiment

Know the full range of the equipment in which

CONDUCTING OF EXPERIMENT AND

Performing the experiment

After completing the taking of observations,

CONDUCTING OF EXPERIMENT AND

Writing the work record

Serial number and date

CONDUCTING OF EXPERIMENT AND

Writing the work record

CONDUCTING OF EXPERIMENT AND

Writing the work record

The complete calculation of a set of readings has

CONDUCTING OF EXPERIMENT AND

Select the independent variable for x axis and dependant

CONDUCTING OF EXPERIMENT AND

Use different colors for different curves.

Label the axis and name the curves.

Print the title, scale of graph etc neatly on the

If anything is to be marked or determined

CONDUCTING OF EXPERIMENT AND

Result and Inference

This includes the details of all the graphs drawn

Intended for the interpretation of the result of the

CONDUCTING OF EXPERIMENT AND

Writing of fair record

Fair record of a laboratory is actually a fair

Has to be written in good hand writing.

CONDUCTING OF EXPERIMENT AND