Assessment of the QUICK scheme

General comments on the QUICK differencing scheme

3rd order accuracy (higher than the central differencing or hybrid schemes)
The upwind-weighted characteristics

false diffusion is small

(minor) undershoots and overshoots

Assessment of the QUICK scheme

Stability problems of the QUICK scheme and remedies
placing troublesome negative coefficients
in the source term so as
to retain positive main coefficients.
Hayase et al. (1992) QUICK scheme

Assessment of the QUICK scheme

The central coefficient is

where

At the nth iteration the source term is evaluated using values known at the
end of the previous (n 1)th iteration
more computation cost

Assessment of the QUICK scheme

To achieve oscillation-free solutions
3rd order and above Implementation of boundary conditions
2nd order TVD scheme

limited success

(total variation diminishing)

originally developed for gas dynamics problems

Recently becomes popular in general-purpose CFD solvers

Generalisation of upwind-biased discretisation schemes

Generalisation of upwind-biased discretisation schemes

For the east face value
W

The standard upwind differencing (UD) scheme

1st accuracy
A linear upwind differencing (LUD) scheme
2nd accuracy
The central differencing (CD) scheme
2nd accuracy

Generalisation of upwind-biased discretisation schemes

The QUICK scheme

3rd accuracy

Homework

We consider a generalization of the higher-order schemes

the ratio of upwind-side gradient to downwind-side gradient

Generalisation of upwind-biased discretisation schemes

Total variation and TVD schemes

We need a way to measure oscillations in solution.

The total variation (TV)

TV ( )

dx
x

TV ( ) i 1 i
i

Total variation and TVD schemes

monotone region becomes

a maximum and a minimum

maximum increases

maximum splits into two maxima

and a minimum

minimum decreased

(i) it must not create local extrema

(ii) the value of an existing local minimum must be non-decreasing
and that of a local maximum must be non-increasing

Total variation and TVD schemes

For no spurious oscillations, the total variation must not increase or diminish with time
Total variation diminishing or TVD

A stable, non-oscillatory, higher-order scheme is monotonicity preserving.

TVD schemes is montonicity preserving.

Criteria for TVD schemes

Sweby (1984) has given necessary and sufficient conditions for a
scheme to be TVD in terms of

It can be seen that

according to Swebys criteria:

Criteria for TVD schemes

In order to make the scheme TVD, we must constrain or limit the

range of possible values of

Criteria for TVD schemes

Requirement for 2nd accuracy:

Range of possible second-order schemes

is bounded by the central difference and linear upwind schemes:

Flux limiter functions

Implementation of TVD schemes

one-dimensional convectiondiffusion equation

Implementation of TVD schemes

same as those of
the UD scheme

deferred correction

Implementation of TVD schemes

To note the flow direction we use a superscript + for the positive flow direction.

Similarly, for the negative flow direction:

Implementation of TVD schemes

TVD scheme for 1D convectiondiffusion problems:

with central coefficient

Implementation of TVD schemes

At inlet/outlet boundaries it is necessary to generate upstream/downstream

values to evaluate the values of r. These can be obtained using the extrapolated
mirror node practice that was demonstrated for the QUICK scheme

Extension of the TVD expressions to 2D or 3D is straightforward.

Evaluation of TVD schemes

The problem is the 2D source-free pure convection
of a transported quantity with the flow at 45 to the lines of a 50 50 grid
The UMIST scheme was found to require 15% more CPU than the standard
QUICK scheme (Lien and Leschziner, 1993). However, the advantage is that a
TVD scheme guarantees wiggle-free solutions.

Implementation of TVD schemes

The performance of the limiter functions has been found to be fairly similar: all TVD discretisations
based on the above limiter functions give second-order accurate solutions that are free from nonphysical wiggles, so all are suitable for general-purpose CFD computations.

In the previous chapter we assumed that the velocity field was

somehow known. In general the velocity field is, however, not
known and emerges as part of the overall solution process along
with all other flow variables. In next chapter we look at the most
popular strategies for computing the entire flow field.