Shreya bhaiya

Aishwarya kadu
Shalaka sontakke
Anushriya pherwani

the opening chapter

The Bauhaus has become the opening chapter to the narrative of twentieth century
design. It is most widely known, discussed , published , imitated , collected ,
exhibition , and catheter aspect of modern graphic, industrial and architectural
design.
The name Bauhaus stems from the German words for to build and house .
Ironically , despite its name and the fact its founder was an architect , the
Bauhaus did not have an architecture department for the first several years of its
existence.

Political context
The foundation of Bauhaus occurred at a time of crisis and turmoil in Europe as a
whole and particularly in Germany. Its establishment resulted from a confluence
of a diverse set of political, social, educational and artistic development in the
first two decades of the twentieth century.
The conservative modernization of the German empire during the 1870s had
maintained power in the hands of the aristocracy. Its is also necessitated
militarism and imperialism to maintain stability . By 1912 the rise of the leftist
SPD had galvanized political positions with the notions of international solidarity
and socialism set against imperialist nationalism. World war I ensured from
1914-18.
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The Bauhaus has to face world war and the

German revolution leading to
Weimar republic.

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Weimar republic and Bauhaus

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Bauhaus in Weimar (1919-25)

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Bauhaus in Weimar
Wassily kandinsky
Born in Moscow in 1866
Kandinsky continued
painting almost until his
death in june , 1944.

Paul klee 1879 -1940

A swiss born painter and
graphic artist whose personal,
often gently humorous works
are replete with allusions to
dreams, music and poetry is
difficult to classify .

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Johannes Itten
1888-67
Influenced by
meditation exercises
and the far eastern
mysticism

Bauhaus
curriculum
1923
This diagram
shows the
prerequisite to
specialized
study. The
position of the
building at the
centre parallels
Walter
Gropiuss
founding
manifesto

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Basic course

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Bauhaus workshop concept

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Bauhaus design course

Thinking about design in a theoretically self conscious way is one of the
major contributions of the bauhaus , and yet the schoolss focus on vision
as an autonomous realm of expression helped engender the hospitility
towards verbal languages which is common to post WWIII design
education.
In 1923 kandinsky a universal correspondence between the three elementary
shapes and the three primary colors.

The dynamic triangle is inherently yellow, the static square is

intrinsically red, and the serene circle is naturally blue. Today, this
equation, has lost its claim to universally and works instead as a
floating sign capable of assuming numerous meanings.

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Bauhaus design course

Despite its diversity, the production of the bauhaus is united by an
awareness of its departure from history, of its ambition towards a point of
origin.
With the assimilation of its form and methods into modern design training,
the bauhaus itself became a point of origin. While Kandinsky, klee, and
itten articulated a visual language through the concept of a childhood of
art, the Bauhaus has become the childhood of design.
Geometric form, gridded space, and a rationalist use of typography have been
foregrounded as the prime lessons of the bauhaus legacy.
The linguistic potential of bauhaus theory-evident in frequent analogies between
writing and drawing-was ignored: the project of a visual language was taken up in
isolation from, rather than in tandem with, verbal language.
Graphic designs synthesis of words and images makes it an important site for
reopening early modernisms attempt to make form discursive: to re-open it to the
social and cultural dimension of visual language.

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Bauhaus
Curriculum
maps

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Women in the
Bauhaus
The Bauhaus
declared equality
between the
sexes. Where
German women
had once
received art
education at
home with tutors,
at the Bauhaus
they were free to
join courses
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BAUHAUS BUILDING

BAUHAUS BUILDINGS
PRINCIPLES :
Simplicity
Symmetry
Angularity
Abstraction
Consistency
Organisation
Economy
Subtlety
Continuity
Sharpness

Bauhaus formed by Walter Gropius

1919
Aim :
To unify the arts & revolutionize
educational theory.
Back to purity, back to simplicity.

INFLUENCES:
Constructivism
Arts & Crafts
Industrialism
Fordism
Functionalism
Modernism

Forms follows function

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 The Bauhaus, an innovative German school of art and design was

founded in 1919 by Walter Gropius, the school uses a foundations
course and workshop experiences to train students in theory and
form, materials, and methods of fabrication.
Buildings are simple, functional, and industrial . Devoid of any
ornament, they often appear asymmetrical and three dimensional,
such that one must experience the building from all sides.
The Bauhaus taught design took on a quality related to the abstract
in conjunction with modernism. In its design, spaces took on a
quality related to the abstract character of the current painting
and sculpture (cubism and related movements).
Ornament came solely from the visual effects created by
combinations of materials.
The goal was to unify art and technology, creating an aesthetic
suited to the modern mechanistic world by relating materials.
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Building
types

schools

Government
buildings

offices

Architects orient buildings so that they

receive the most sun exposure to take
advantage of natural light.
Structures sit on flat plains of grass.
The most important construction
materials include steel, glass, and
reinforced concrete, sometimes a brick
masonry applied on the face of the
concrete.
Exteriors are plain, simple, and
unornamented.
Windows were fixed in grid patterns.
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Bauhaus school

Harvard graduate centre

Bauhaus school

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 The basic structure of the Bauhaus consists

of a clear and carefully thought out system
of connecting wings, which correspond to
the internal operating system of the school.
Gropius extensive facilities for the Bauhaus
at Dessau combine teaching, student and
faculty members housing, an auditorium,
and office spaces.

Gropius directors house

SYMBOLS & MOTIFS

There is no vocabulary for motifs because
buildings are generally unadorned.
Some works include unique architectural
details that are a part of the building.

Harvard graduate centre dormitories

DECORATIVE ARTS
After 1923,the metals workshop produced
many ash trays, tea and coffee services,
kettles, dresser sets, and pitchers in brass,
bronze, and silver.
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Harvard centre exterior view

 FURNITURE
Unornamented and radically different,
Bauhaus furnishings suit Bauhaus
concepts of the modern home.
Designs stress simplicity, functionality,
excellent construction, and hygienic
industrial materials.
Furniture is lightweight and space saving.
Standardization of form and
interchangeable parts are key design
considerations.
Furnishings are movable to support
flexible arrangements.

Designed chair

Designed chair by Mies

Some of the plans and viewsBNCA/SCA/14-15/TYC

showing form of the B-ARCH
buildings state house building

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 Bauhaus to post
modernism
WALTER GROPIUS :
Walter Groupius was born in berlin in
1883. the son of an architect, he studied
Gropius house
at the technical universities in Munich and
berlin.m
Groupius is best known through the
influence of the German design school
called the Bauhaus , established under
Gropiuss direction at Weimar in 1919.
After the closing of the Bauhaus in 1932,
City of tel aviv
Gropiuss influence continued through his
work in England .
Under Gropiuss direction, Harvard
became the first American design school
to accept the ideas of the modern
movement.
Gropius created innovative designs that
borrowed materials and methods of
construction from modern BNCA/SCA/14-15/TYC
technology.B-ARCHChair designed by Gropius

20
Exibitionism

 Major works
1919 to 1925.
Gropius house, at Lincoln, 1937.
Harvard Graduate center, at
Cambridge.
GROPIUS HOUSE: Modest in scale,
revolutionary in impact.
Combined the traditional
elements of New England
architecture wood, brick, and
fieldstone with innovative
materials rarely used in domestic
settings at that time glass block,
acoustical plaster, and chrome
banisters, along with the latest
technology.

Masters house by Gropius

Eaves protecting from south harsh light

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Upstairs deck

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To interweave arts and technology is not the only princi- ple of

Bauhaus. The meaning of the word Bauhaus is clear evidence. In
Germany, bau refers to building and haus means house,
symbolising that art and technology should be composed together in
design field. In 1923, the director Walter Gropius introduced
reconciliation be- tween creative artists and the industrial world,
which changed the focus of design theories from aesthet- ics to
practicality.

ABSTRACT
The Bauhaus, one of the most prestigious colleges of fine arts,
was founded in 1919 by the architect Walter Gropius. Although
it is closed in the last century, its influence is still manifested in
design industries now and will continue to spread its principles
to designers and artists. Even, it has a profound influence upon
subsequent developments in art, architecture, graphic design,
interior design, fashion design and design education.
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When the industrial revolution

began, traditional skilled
craftsmen were gradually
replaced by machines while
reducing cost through massproduction eroded aesthetic
standards. Thus, William
Morris thought it dishonest for
machine-made goods to
pretend to be hand-made,
while John Ruskin went further
in his belief that the machine
itself was a source of evil and
social ills. Due to the fact that
design was separated from
manufacturing, it enhanced
the independence of design.
Some of the Bauhaus buildings

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 Up until now, Bauhaus ideal has al- ways

been a controversial focus that plays a
crucial role in the field of design. Not
only emphasizing function but also
reflecting the human-oriented idea could
be the greatest progress on modern
design and manufacturing. Even more,
harmonizing the relationship between
nature and human is the ultimate goal for
all the designers to create their artworks.
This essay will analyse Bauhauss
influence on modern design and
manufacturing in terms of technology,
architecture and design education.

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INTERIORS

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EXTERIORS

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ARCHITECTURAL OUTPUT
The paradox of the early Bauhaus was that, although its manifesto
proclaimed that the ultimate aim of all creative activity was building,
the school did not offer classes in architecture until 1927.

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ARCHITECTURL OUTPUT
During the years under Gropius (19191927), he
and his partner Adolf Meyer observed no real
distinction between the output of his
architectural office and the school.
So the built output of Bauhaus architecture in
these years is the output of Gropius: the
Sommerfeld house in Berlin, the Otte house in
Berlin, the Auerbach house in Jena, and the
competition design for the Chicago Tribune
Tower, which brought the school much
attention.
The definitive 1926 Bauhaus building in Dessau
is also attributed to Gropius.
The popular conception of the Bauhaus as the
source of extensive Weimar-era working housing
is not accurate. Two projects, the apartment
building project in Dessau and the Trten row
housing also in Dessau, fall in that category, but
developing worker housing was not the first
priority of Gropius norMies. BNCA/SCA/14-15/TYC B-ARCH

Sommerfeld house in Berlin

the Otte house in Berlin

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ARCHITECTURAL OUTPUT
Apart from contributions to the 1923 HausamHorn, student
architectural work amounted to un-built projects, interior finishes, and
craft work like cabinets, chairs and pottery.

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In the next two years under Meyer, the architectural focus shifted away
from aesthetics and towards functionality.
There were major commissions: one from the city of Dessau for five tightly
designed
"Laubenganghuser" (apartment buildings with balcony access), which
are still in use today, and another for the headquarters of the Federal
School of the German Trade Unions (ADGB) in Bernau bei Berlin.
Meyer's approach was to research users' needs and scientifically develop
the design solution.

Dormitory balconies in the residence

The Engel House in the White City of Tel

Aviv:
architect: Ze'ev Rechter, 1933; a residential
building that has become one of the symbols
of Modernist architecture and the first
building in
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Tel Aviv
to be built on pilotis

residence

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One of the main objectives of the Bauhaus was to unify art, craft, and
technology. The machine was considered a positive element, and
therefore industrial and product design were important components.
Vorkurs ("initial" or "preliminary course") was taught; this is the modern
day "Basic Design" course that has become one of the key foundational
courses offered in architectural and design schools across the globe.
There was no teaching of history in the school because everything was
supposed to be designed and created according to first principles rather
than by following precedent.

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The major goals of the school where

to
Encourage craftsman and artist to
Collaborate to elevate the status of
Crafts, and maintain relations with
Industry and craft leaders in order to
eventually become independent of
Government control

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The bauhaus ideals were

that The artist must
recognize his Social
responsibility to the
Community and likewise
, The community must
accept And support the
artist.

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MATERIALS
The most important construction materials include steel, glass, and
reinforced concrete, sometimes a brick masonry applied on the
face of the concrete.

Exteriors are plain, simple, and unornamented.

Windows were fixed in grid patterns.

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BAUHAUS
DOOR KNOB
Arguably the most famous
piece designed by Walter
Gropius, the Bauhaus
doorknobs geometric forms
and industrial flourishes, such
as exposed screws, set the
tone for what the Bauhaus
aesthetic was about.

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BAUHAUS
CHESS SET

BAUHAUS PRODUCT
DESIGN

This game of chess with clean lines is

typical of timeless Bauhaus style.

The Josef Hartwig designed Bauhaus

Chess Set is one of the most perfect chess
sets ever created. The Bauhaus Chess Set
is one of the most historically significant
objects from the Bauhaus.

The beautiful chess pieces have clean

modernist shapes in the typical
constrained minimalist manner .Bauhaus.

BAUHAUS
CHESS SET
The shape of each character
corresponds to its movement: The
queen, which can travel
anywhere, is a sphere. The King,
which moves on the axes, is a
cube.
Cubes, cylinders and balls lead
you move by move to checkmate.
The Bauhaus Chess Set is made
with hardwood maple.

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This utilises the primary

colours of yellow, red and
blue and the triangle,
square and circle forms
that Kandinsky assigned
to each of these
respectively.
The cradle was presented
at the 1923 exhibition the
Haus am Horn.

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BAUHAUS
WASILLY CHAIR
The Wassily Chair, was designed by Marcel
Breuer in 1925-1926 while he was the head of
the cabinet-making workshop at the Bauhaus,
in Dessau,Germany.

Kandinsky had admired the completed

design, and Breuer fabricated a duplicate for
Kandinsky's personal quarters.
The Wassily Chair is a
symbol of the industrial heroism and
engineering invention of the early
20th.century.
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Believed to
be the first bent tubular steel chair design,
the Wassily Chair distills the traditional club
chair .
a series of strong, spare lines, executed with
dynamic material counterpoint. The
gleaming.
chrome-finished tubular steel frame-inspired
by the graceful, curving handlebars of the
Adler.
bicycle-is seamless in its assemblage. Thick
cowhide leather slings create the design's
seating.
Surfaces which maintain their crisp .tautness
for decades.
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BAUHUAS
NESTING TABLES
Nothing quite says "smart" like
five separate tables that fit into
the footprint of one.
While at Bauhaus, JOSEF ALBERS
came up with this bold and
colourful design for a set of
nesting tables.

The set of side and end tables

are constructed with a solid
wood frame, and painted glass
tops. The tops are lacquered in a
retro pallete of: pale green,
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BAUHAUS LAMP
The Bauhaus Table Lamp embodies the essential
idea that form follows function, as espoused by
the influential Bauhaus school.
Originally designed by Wilhelm Wagenfeld, the
lamp has simple geometric shapesa circular
base, cylindrical shaft, and spherical shade
achieving "both maximum simplicity and, in
terms of time and materials, greatest economy.
" Crafted of clear and opaline glass and nickelplated metal, this lamp's balanced proportions
adhere strictly to the Bauhaus design, which is
featured in the Museums collection.
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THANK YOU

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