Fault Tolerance

in WSN

Wireless Sensor Networks(WSN)

A

wireless network consisting of spatially

distributed autonomous devices using
sensors to cooperatively monitor physical
or environmental conditions, such as
temperature, sound, vibration, pressure,
motion or pollutants, at different locations

Wireless Sensor Networks(WSN)

Collect

data from the environment

Consists of multiple detection stations
called sensor nodes
Nodes are connected via Wireless
communication channels
Each node has the capability to sense
data, process the data and send it to rest
of the nodes or to Base Station
Limited by the node battery lifetime.

WSN Architecture

Fault Tolerance

Fault-tolerance
Fault tolerance

is
orthe
graceful
abilitydegradation
to sustain
is
the
sensor
property
network
that
functionalities
enables a system
without
to any
continue
interruption
operating
due to sensor
properly
node
in the
failures.
event
the
failure
of some
of its
components.
of
The
fault
tolerance
level
depends
on the
application of the sensor network.

Major concerns of wireless

sensors
Energy
Fault

efficiency

tolerance
Energy depletion
Harsh environment
Malicious attack

Scalability
Required to cover large geographic domain

Major Problem in WSN

Data sink

Sensor nodes

Multi-hop routing for

data transfer to sink
Energy inefficient

Solution
A

two-tiered network model

Increased network life time

Improved scalability

Two-tier architecture

Relay node

Sensor node

Relay nodes in two-tiered

Each relay node

Acts as a cluster head
Performs data fusion
Powerful than sensor nodes (energy storage, communication
and computing capability)
Plays a key role
Scalable sensor networks are grouped as clusters.
Energy efficient
One relay node failure => whole cluster of sensor nodes isolated
Survivability ensure alternate path exists for sensor nodes
when one of the relay nodes fail
Other names gateway nodes, application nodes

Survivability of Network
2

or more relay nodes should be within

sensor nodes communication range

Relay node

Sensor node

Survivability of Network
Minimum

of relay nodes for:

Every sensor nodes reaches 2 relay nodes

2 node-disjoint paths between every pair of
relay nodes

Handles

single failures of relay nodes.

Possible Solution

Possible positions of relay nodes with respect to

the sensor nodes.

Any pair of sensor nodes have 2 possible positions

Using a Polynomial time

approximation algorithm.

Using a Polynomial time

approximation algorithm.

Using a Polynomial time

approximation algorithm.

Final solution given by algorithm

4 sensor nodes resulting relay nodes graph

Final solution given by algorithm

6 sensor nodes resulting relay nodes graph

Conclusion
A

fault tolerant relay node placement

problem is formulated for wireless sensor
networks
Polynomial approximation time algorithm
is presented for the NP-complete
problem.
Algorithm is found to be close to optimal.