BIOMECHANICS OF

THE SHOULDER
COMPLEX

Sternoclavicularis

Acromioclavicularis

Clavicula
Scapula
Glenohumeralis

Humerus
Scapulothoracalis

Sternum

GLENOHUMERAL JOINT

1/3 1/4

Diameter: 37- 55 mm

Diameter: 41 mm
25 mm

Angle of
inclination

Angle of torsion 30

Glenoid cavity

Synovial sheath

When the arm is at rest at the side, the

large capsule is taut superiorly and lax
inferiorly

Greater tuberosity

SAGITTAL PLANE

SCAPULLAR PLANE

30 - 45 degrees

FRONTAL PLANE

: The labrum broadens and makes deeper the glenoid socket (top image).
The labrum also acts as an anchoring point for the ligaments of the
shoulder (lower image).

The normal main ligament of the shoulder (inferior glenohumeral ligament) supports the
humeral head like a hammock supports a person (top image). With arm rotation, the
ligament (hammock) moves forward and backward to keep the ball in the socket during
this rotation (lower image).

Arm elevation

Flexion
Abduction

Flexion and
abduction
Extension

Horizontal plane
15-30

90

120-135

30-45

Flexion and extension in horizontal plane

45

extension

135

flexion

Flexion-extension

Sagittal plane
Extension

Flexion

100-120 degrees
30 degrees

Abduction - adduction

Tvolts

60

Befel fordts
Grdls

90-110

Neutrlis s
lapocka sk

Tvolts

Grdls

Passzv

Tvolts

Abduction
20o

Frontal plane
acromioclavicularis
sternoclavicularis
40o
120o glenohumeral

75o

90 - 120o 135o
90o active
120o passive

ABDUCTION
TVOLTS

ROLLING

active

SLIDING

passive

Rotci

50

120

Kifel
70

30

Befel
50

20

External and internal rotation

Throwing arm

Herrington 1988

Contralateral

SCAPULOTHORACIC JOINT

Tipping of the scapula

Elevation

Depression

Kzelts -tvolts

Winging of the scapula

Downward rotation

Upward rotation

Centre of rotation of scapula during

abduction
120-150

60-90
90-120

30-60

0-30

MOVEMENT IN STERNOCLAVICULAR
AND ACROMIOCLAVICULAR JOINTS

CENTRE OF ROTATION

30
30

MOVEMENT IN SCAPOLOTHRACIC
AND GLENOHUMERALIS JOINTS

ACROMIOCLAVICULAR JOINT

60

Scapular rotation:
protraction-retraction
Scapular rotation
around transverse axis

30

30
Scapular rotation in
sagittal plane:
elevation-depression

60
Scapula forgs elre - htra

Scapula forgs a transverzlis

tengely krl
Scapula forgs oldal skban:
emelkeds - sllyeds

30

30

STERNOCLAVICULARIS IZLET

Movement in sternoclavicularis joint

15

Anterior psoterior
movement
Elevation and
depression

45 / 15

30 - 45

Rotation about the

longitudinal axis

Az egyes izmok bekapcsoldsa a

munkavgzsbe

2005. 04. 13.

Az egyes izmok bekapcsoldsa a

munkavgzsbe

0.03 m

0.05 Bw
0.3 m
0.075 Bw
Fc = Fp sinf
0.6 m

Winging of the scapula

Tipping of the scapula

1999.11.16.