Appointed Person + AED

Mike Grice 07957 859 285

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 SUMMARY OF
COURSE
Health and Safety and First Aid
Heart attacks
Resuscitation and Defib
Shock
Choking
Wounds and bleeding
Fractured skull
Asthma
Smoke and fume inhalation
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 WHAT IS FIRST AID?

Definition of First Aid:

The immediate assistance or treatment

given to someone injured or suddenly
taken ill before the arrival of an
ambulance, Doctor or other appropriately
qualified person

WE ARE NOT DOCTORS!!

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 WHAT IS FIRST AID?
Aims of First Aid:

Preserve Life:
Not just the casualty but you too

Prevent Deterioration:
Learn skills to prevent a situation getting worse

Promote Recovery:
Use correct techniques to promote recovery

Obtain further medically qualified assistance if required

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 FIRST AID KITS
Guidance Cards
20 Adhesive Dressings
6 Medium Sterile Dressings
2 Large Sterile Dressings
2 Extra Sterile Dressings
2 Sterile Eye Pads
6 Triangular Bandages
6 Safety Pins
Disposable Gloves
Plastic Face Shield
Cleansing Wipes
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 ACCIDENT DETAILS

• Name Of Casualty
• Home Address Accident Book
A/B06/01

• Name Of Person Writing The Report

Name Date

Address

• When The Accident Happened

• Where The Accident Happened
• What Happened
• Treatment Given
• Method Of Disposal e.g Hospital, Home or Return To
Work
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 FIRST AIDER
RESPONSIBILITIES
Arriving at the scene
Assess the Situation, Make the area safe, Deal with bystanders, Any other
trained personnel, Get History, Send for help, Send for first aid box, Is there
anybody with the casualty

Dealing with the Casualties

Put gloves on, Follow ABC, Make diagnosis, Treat injuries, Give care, Act
Calmly, Get Help

The Clearing Up Process

Make area safe, dispose of dressings, complete reports, contact families, be
aware of your feelings, replenish first aid box
What are the processes of each stage?
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TRIAGE OR PRIORITIES

Breathing

Bleeding

Burns

Bones
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 SUMMONING HELP

L Location
I Incident
O Other Services Required
N Number Of Casualties
E Extent Of Injuries
L Repeat Location
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 Keep Eye Contact
Tell The Truth
Be Aware Of Body Language
Speak Clearly and Slowly
Use Their Name
Allow Time For The Casualty To Answer
Act In A Calm and Confident Manner

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 DR SAB

D Danger
R Response
S HOUT FOR HELP
A Airway
B Breathing
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B – BREATHING

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 SECONDARY
ASSESSMENT
Once you are sure the patient is breathing effectively, you
can then start the secondary survey
Top to Toe (remember triage)
Look for bleeding, bruising, swelling, deformity, spinal
injury, fractures, medi-alert bracelets, needle marks,
pockets. DO NOT MOVE if you suspect a spinal injury,
check the neck area.
GLOVES
Recovery Position
Keep warm (treat for shock)
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RECOVERY POSITION

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Why defib?

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Defib protocol
 TYPES OF BLEEDING
We have 8 – 12 pints in our bodies!!
ARTERIAL
Bright Red blood, spurting in time with heart
VENOUS
Same volume as arterial but blood will ooze
CAPILLARY
Blood loss is usually slight and is easily controlled

Always use GLOVES

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ARTERIAL BLEED
Close your eyes if you’re squeamish!!

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TREATMENT FOR WOUNDS AND BLEEDING
•Put gloves on
•Expose and examine the wound
•Raise and support injured limbs
•If ok apply direct pressure
•Use up to two dressings and change if blood
coming through
•Once the bleeding stops bandage firmly
•Support injured area if necessary
•Treat for shock
•Dial 999 if necessary
USE GLOVES
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 EXTERNAL BLEEDING

R - est
Place them in an appropriate position for the location of their injury

E - levate
Elevate the wound, Ensure it is above the level of the heart, Gravity will
reduce the blood flow

D – irect Pressure
Apply direct or indirect pressure to stem the flow of blood

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 R E D

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 INDIRECT PRESSURE

If direct pressure is not effective or possible you must

apply indirect pressure

Apply for a maximum of 10 minutes at a time

The two arteries where we can effectively apply direct
pressure, are:

•BRACHIAL
•FEMORAL
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Common First Aid Disorders

Asthma
Choking
Heart Attack

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 ASTHMA
WHAT IS ASTHMA?

This is a condition where the air passages

go into spasm and the lining of the airway
becomes inflamed and starts to swell.
There can also be a secretion of thick
sticky mucus which further reduces the air
passages.
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 ASTHMA

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 ASTHMA
What are the Cause of Asthma?
•Animal fur or dust
•Nervous Tension
•Exercise
•Colds and viral infections
•Smoking
•Pollen
•Work
•Weather
•Food
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 RECOGNITION FEATURES?
•Difficulty in breathing with wheezy phases
•Distress & anxiety
•Unable to talk
•Can become exhausted
•May have blueness of lips and skin
TREATMENT?
•Remain calm & position the casualty comfortably
•Assist them to take their own inhaler
•If the condition does not ease within 3 minutes, get
them to take the same inhaler again
•If the attack is still present after 5 minutes call 999
•If the symptoms disappear recommend they see their
GP
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 CHOKING

What is Choking?
Choking is either a full or partial blockage of the airway

What are Some of the Causes of Choking?

•Food
•Toys
•Pen Tops
•General Objects.
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 CHOKING

Blueness (Cyanosis), Usually clutching the throat, difficulty or unable to

breath

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CHOKING ADULT

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HEART ATTACK

This is where one of

the coronary arteries
becomes blocked,
causing possible
damage due to part
of the heart being
starved of oxygen

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 HEART ATTACK
What are Some of The Causes?
–Blockage of the Arteries
–Bad Diet
–Smoking
–Hereditary
Recognition Features
–Severe Chest Pain, Radiating Down Arm
–Shortness of Breath
–Pale Skin, Possible Cyanosis
–Irregular Weak Pulse
–Signs and Symptoms of Shock
–Possible Sense of Impending Doom
–could have been Complaining of Indigestion
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•Put casualty in
Comfortable position
•Calm them down
and reassure TREATMENT
•Keep them warm
•Call 999
•Be Prepared to
Resuscitate.

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 SKULL FRACTURE

This is where via a direct blow the

skull has broken, this can either
lead to a build up of fluid or part
of the broken bone putting
pressure on the brain
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SKULL FRACTURE

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 RECOGNITION FEATURES
•History of a blow to the head
•Hot flushed face and slow strong pulse
•Noisy slow breathing
•Unequal pupils in severe cases and an intense headache
•Watery fluid possibly coming out of the ear & nose
•Confusion and possible change in personality
TREATMENT
•Call for an ambulance
•Place in a comfortable position, if no spinal injury suspected, head
and shoulders raised
•If fluid coming from the ear place a sterile dressing over it and keep
a sample for hospital
•If unconscious check ABC and place in the recovery position
•Be prepared to resuscitate

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 FUME, GAS &
SMOKE INHALATION

When treating anyone for the above

condition we must ensure our own safety
and make sure we have identified all
casualties as it is possible to have to deal
with more than one

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 TYPES OF GASSES, FUMES
& RECOGNITION
Smoke – possible spasm of air passages, swelling & burning

Carbon monoxide – Headaches, confusion, nausea, breathing

difficulties, cherry red colour

CO2 – breathlessness, headaches, dizziness, rapid unconsciousness

Solvents – headaches, vomiting, possible unconsciousness, can

stop the heart

Lighter Fuels – can possibly stop the heart.

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 TREATMENT?

•Call 999 [ambulance, fire etc]

•Remove casualty from danger, ensuring
not to endanger yourself

•Check ABC
•Treat any burns found
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