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PREPARED BY
CLASS
SCHOOL
Sector- 30
: DEBESH GHOSH
:X
: K.V. NO 1,
GANDHINAGAR
Electric Current
Electric current is the flow of
electrons through a conductor.
The device which causes the
flow of electrons through a
conductor is called a cell.
Electrons flow from the negative
terminal to the positive terminal.
Electric current flows from the
positive terminal to the negative
terminal.
This
is
called
conventional current.
How you
should be
thinking about
electric
Current:
the actual
current:
substance that is
flowing through the
wires of the circuit
(electrons!)
Voltage: a force
that pushes the
current through
the circuit (in this
picture it would be
equivalent
to
gravity)
Electric circuit
Electric circuit is a continuous
and closed path of an electric
current.
A schematic diagram of an electric
bulb
circuit comprisingcell
- + bulb, ammeter and
of a cell, electric
plug key.
+
A ammeter
plug key
An electric cell +
combination
of cells
Plug key or
(closed)
Electric bulb
of
A resistor
resistance R
Variable resistance
+
or rheostat
Ammeter
Voltmeter
A battery
or
+
or
Ohms Law
V
I
=--------
R
Resistance
Resistance is the property of a
conductor to resist the flow of
current through it.
V
According to Ohms law R = ----I
The SI unit of resistance is ohm ().
If the potential difference across the
two ends of a wire is 1 V and the
current flowing through it is 1 A then
the resistance R of the conductor is
1 ohm
(1 ).
How you
should be
thinking about
Resistance
Resistance: friction that
impedes flow of current
through the circuit
(rocks in the river)
Since
V
I =
---R
or
l
R =
-------
A
Where (rho) is a constant of proportionality
called Resistivity of the material of the conductor.
The SI unit of resistivity is ohm meter ( m).
Conductors like metals and alloys
resistivity 10-8 m to 10-6 m.
have
low
Conductors
Allow the easy flow of electricity
loosely bound electrons that are free
to move from atom to atom
metals like aluminum, gold, copper
and silver
Insulators
Insulators
resists the flow of electrons
hold more tightly to their
valence
electrons:
plastic, rubber, glass
Resistors in Series
A
R1
R2
R3
V1
V2
V3
+
+
( )
- A +
Resistors in parallel
R1
I1
R2
I2
R3
+
+
()
I3
- A +
Work done
W
Power =
P=
W = I2Rt
Time
t
I2Rt
So P =
= I2R = VI [ as V= IR]
t
or Power = I2R
or Power = V X I
The SI unit of power is watt (W).
One watt is the power when 1A of current flows
across a potential difference of 1V.
1000 W = 1kW
1kWh = 1000 watt x
3600 seconds
= 3.6 x 106 joules
The commercial unit of power is watt hour (Wh)
or kilo watt hour (kWh).One kWh is the power
R
+ V
I
+
() - A +
Thank you
by
DEBESH GHOSH
X-C