Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Networks
Management
Credit hours: 03
Simple Network
Management Protocol
Lecture: 8
Contents
Network
management architectures
SNMP basic concepts
SNMP versions and security
SNMP and UDP
Structure of Management Information
SNMP operation
Conclusion
Network management
architectures
Several
SNMP agent
SNMP agent
SNMP agent
SNMP Versions
Three
SNMPv1 (1990)
SNMPv2c (1996)
SNMPv3 (2002)
All
SNMP Security
le
b
ea
g
an
UDP port 161 for sending and receiving manager information
h
c
r
UDP port 162 for receiving traps from agents ed o
Fix
Connectionless
is unreliable
Timeout by manager
Agent has no mean to know
UDP
IP
MAC
Pen pal
Intent to write (app)
Envelop address (UDP)
Postal stamp (IP)
Mailman pick (MAC)
SNMP communities
SNMP communities
Notion
SNMP communities
Set
Security
of information
SNMP communities
Structure of management
information
Structure of management
information
Representation
SNMP
Place restriction on the types of variables
allowed in MIB
Specify the rules for naming those variables
Create rules for defining variable type
SMI types
SMIv1
SMIv2
TNM: Telecommunication Network Management
Structure of management
information
The
Numeric form
Human readable
Structure of management
information . Naming OID
Tree
like hierarchy
Series of integers/names based on node in
tree, separated by dots
Structure of management
information .. Type and syntax
The
Structure of management
information .. Basic encoding rules
Basic
Encoding Rules
Structure of management
information
--------- SMIv1
SMIv1 is described in RFCs 1155, 1212, 1215
These RFCs describe:
Structure of management
information
--------- SMIv1
Textual
and numneric
Iso.org.dod.internet
1.3.6.1
Structure of management
information --------- Syntax and coding
S. no Data type
Description
Integer
Signed 32-bit integer. Specify enumerated type within the context of a single managed object
Octet string
used to represent text strings, but also sometimes used to represent physical addresses
Counter
32 bits; used to track information such as the number of octets sent and received on an interface or the
number of errors and discards seen on interface
Object identifier
A dotted-decimal string that represents a managed object within the object tree. For example,
1.3.6.1.4.1.9 represents Cisco Systems private enterprise OID
NULL
IpAddress
Represents a 32-bit IPv4 address. Neither SMIv1 nor SMIv2 discusses 128-bit IPv6 addresses
Network address
Same as the IpAddress type, but can represent different network address types
Gauge
Unlike a Counter, a Gauge can increase and decrease at will, but it can never exceed its maximum
value. The interface speed on a router is measured with a Gauge
TimeTicks
TimeTicks measures time in hundredths of a second. Uptime on a device is measured using this
datatype.
Opaque
TimeTicks measures time in hundredths of a second. Uptime on a device is measured using this
datatype.
Structure of management
information --------- SNMPv2
snmpv2
OID of the new branch
1.3.6.1..6.3.1.1
Iso.org.dod.internet,snmpv2.snmpModule
Structure of management
information --------- Syntax and coding
S. no Data type
Description
Integer32
Same as integer
Counter32
Same as counter
Gauge32
Same as Gauge
Counter64
Bits
Structure of management
information --------- Syntax and coding
S. no Textual
Description
DisplayString
A string of NVT ASCII characters. A DisplayString can be no more than 255 characters in
length
PhysAddress
MacAddress
Defines the media-access address for IEEE 802 (the standard for LANs) in canonicala order. (In
everyday language, this means the Ethernet address.) This address is represented as six octets
TruthValue
TestAndIncr
Used to keep two management stations from modifying the same managed object at the same
time.
TimeStamp
Measures the amount of time elapsed between the devices system uptime and some event or
occurrence.
TimeInterval
Measures a period of time in hundredths of a second. TimeInterval can take any integer value
from 02147483647
Structure of management
information --------- Example
ASN.1 is nothing more than a language definition. It is
similar to C/C++ and other programming languages.
Syntax examples:
-- two dashes is a comment -- The C equivalent is written in the comment
MostSevereAlarm ::= INTEGER
-- MostSevereAlarm circuitAlarms = 3;
OCTET STRING,
erroredSeconds
INTEGER,
unavailableSeconds INTEGER
}
SNMP operations
SNMP operations
Message Preamble
PDU Header
PDU Body
SNMP Protocol
Data Unit
SNMP operations
Protocol
Get
Get-next
Get-bulk (SNMPv2 and SNMPv3)
Set
Get-response
Trap
Notification (SNMPv2 and SNMPv3)
Inform (SNMPv2 and SNMPv3)
Report (SNMPv2 and SNMPv3)
TNM: Telecommunication Network Management
Initiated
by NMS
Agent responds to the best of its ability
How does the agent know, what NMS is
looking for?
Variable binding:
Agent
respond by get-response
TNM: Telecommunication Network Management
OID
is sequence of integers
Depth-first search
Getnext
is based on
lexicographic order of
MIB tree
At each node in tree, visit
the lowest number in the
branch FIRST
Retrieve
nonrepeater
max-repititions
Getbulk
(N+(M*R))
set operation
Change value of a managed object
Create new row in table
SNMP Traps
Traps
Traps generation
Traps
Traps handling
Traps
Poll the agent that sent the trap for more information about the event
NMS
Traps handling
Traps
Trap
Description
coldStart (0)
warmStart (1)
linkDown (2)
linkUp (3)
authenticationFailure (4)
Indicates that someone has tried to query your agent with an incorrect
community
string;
egpNeighborLoss (5)
enterpriseSpecific (6)
Conclusions
SNMP
Questions??