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REPRODUCTION
Autor: Aneta
BASIC
Phylum Rotifera
Small aquatic & marine
animals
Usually cone or wineglass shape
Ring of cilia around
mouth
Early observers mistook
for rotating wheel
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Animal-Reproduction.ppt
Phylum Rotifera
Some live on mosses,
lichens
Can be dried and will
revive when moistened
3-4 years common
50+ years reported
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Animal-Reproduction.ppt
Phylum Rotifera
Usually parthenogenic (exhibit parthenogenesis)
Asexual reproduction
Female lays asexual eggs, females, females,
generation after generation.
Copies successful genome exactly
Favored in stable environment
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Rotifers
Aphids
some Fishes
some Lizards
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Asexual Reproduction
Asexual reproduction
Faster?
Preserves successful genome
Faster population growth
No males
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Sexual Reproduction
Why be sexual?
Variability of offspring in unpredictable
environment.
Some expected to be less fit than their parents
Some expected to be as fit than their parents
Some expected to be more fit than their parents
Recombination
Elimination of unfavorable alleles (without
elimination of the population)
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Animal-Reproduction.ppt
Sexual Reproduction
Why make (so many)
males?
Frequency-dependent
selection
When more males than
females, females favored.
When more females than
males, males favored
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Animal-Reproduction.ppt
Sexual Reproduction
Other sex determination
Temperature-dependent sex determination
Sea turtles: males at temps below ~25-30 C, females at
higher temps.
Alligators: males at higher temps, females at lower temps
Changing sex
Population of mostly females with few males (fishes)
Female can change to male (Bluehead wrasse)
Male can change to female
Tapeworm proglottids
Male first, later female
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Sexual Reproduction
Other sex determination
Haplo-diploidy
Hymenoptera
Bees, wasps, ants
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Sexual Reproduction
Hermaphroditism
Flukes, tapeworms
Self-fertilization possible
Earthworms
Obligate outcrossing
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Sexual Reproduction
Mammalian (human) reproductive systems
Genetic sex determination,
XY chromosomes 1:1 sex ratio
Testis-determining gene on Y chromosome
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Primary spermatocyte
2nd spermatocyte
Spermatids
Sperm (immature)
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Seminal vesicles
Prostate gland
Bulbourethral glands
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Bulbourethral glands, ~ 4 %
Alkaline mucus
Sperm, ~ 1 %
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produce ova
receive sperm
site of fertilization
hold & nourish
embryo/fetus
bear infant
nurse infant
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Female Reproductive
System
Ovary
Follicle development
and oogenesis
Timing of oogenesis
Primary oocytes in fetal
ovary
Secondary oocytes
monthly,
Sperm enter 2nd oocyte,
completion of meiosis
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Site of fertilization
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Site of implantation
Formation of placenta
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FSH
LH
Estrogens
Progesterone
Chorionic
gonadotropin
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Female Reproductive
System
Endocrine regulation of
ovarian & uterine cycles
FSH
LH
Estrogens
Progesterone
Chorionic gonadotropin
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