Public

Speaking

Public Speaking
1.Improve your social skills - How to present
yourself in front of an audience. How
convincing you are. How well you use verbal
and non-verbal communication.
2.Improve your academic and professional
skills
Able
to
convince
your
students/audience, able to project a positive
self-image and able to respond appropriately
to criticisms and arguments.
3.Become a better speaker - Able to convince
your audience and reach out to them.

Six Confidence Factors in Public

Speaking

We can build confidence by the six ways, which are:

1. Change the way we think - Think positively. Do not
be negative. Prepare adequately.
2. Desensitise Remove fears by always having good
feelings with communication situations.
3. Skill training Learn how to organise ideas, prepare
for a speech and how to deliver a speech
4. Prepare and practice your speech Take time to
carefully prepare your speech and rehearse it well.
5. Learn to relax Do deep breathing exercises before
the speech.
6. Gain lots of experience Take part in as many public
speaking events so that you get much experience and
can learn from those experience.

TIPS FOR GIVING AN

EFFECTIVE SPEECH
Appearance
Body Language
Voice
Pronunciation, Intonation and Articulation
Pause
volume
6

Appearance
Dress appropriately for the occasion. Dress
in a formal way if it is a formal occasion.
Wear a dress that shows you are one of
them and not distanced by class. Make your
audience feel comfortable.

Body Language
Your body language tell much about your
attitude. Be careful with your posture. Do not
stand in a slanting position. Walk confidently
onto the stage. Use good gestures and
facial expressions.

Voice
Pronounce correctly. Use the correct
volume, intonation, stress and rhythm.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF
SPEECHES
There are four different types of
speeches:

The
The
The
The

informative speech;
persuasive speech;
negotiation speech; and
argumentative speech.
10

The informative speech

Instructions
Demonstration
Explanation
Description
Briefing
reporting
11

The Persuasive Speech

Facts
Values
policy

12

Guidelines for Making

Effective Persuasive Speeches
Anticipate selective exposure;
Expect gradual changes, a little at
a time;
Identify with your audience;
Make logical appeals; and
Use emotional appeals.
13

The Negotiation Speech

Distributive Bargaining
Integrative Bargaining
Attitudinal Bargaining
Intra-organisational Bargaining

14

Guidelines for Making Effective

Negotiation Speeches

Do your research well;

Abide by the rules set out by both parties;
Make sure the parties involved trust you;
Use deductive arguments;
Know yourself and take stock of your intellectual and
emotional makeup;
Understand your and the other partys expectations; and
Be prepared to make bids and also give concessions.

15

The Argumentative Speech

Debate and negotiation
Eristic dialogue
Legal debate
Tournament debate

16

Guidelines for Making Effective

Argumentative Speeches
Arguments ought to comply with certain principles or norms;
Give reasoned arguments for and against a proposition;
Make rational arguments, not emotional statements and
personal viewpoints;
Debaters need to follow the rules of debate depending on the
debate format e.g. the Parliamentary Debate format;
Critically evaluate and analyse the opponents speech; and
Be ethical, fair and honest.

17