Seminar on

Establishment of international collaborating research network for open innovation

-Tropical Delta Network (TDN)-
IRRI,13 21 January 2015
Prof. Mitsuru Osaki, PhD (Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University)

12

10
7

Subtropics

11

14

Tropics

8 9

15
16

Equator

1.Niger delta

5.Indus river delta

9.Mekong delta

13.Lena river delta

2.Nile delta

6.Ganges delta

10.Pearl river delta

14.Mississippi delta

3.Danube delta

7.Irrawaddy delta

11.Yangtze river delta

15.Orinoco delta

4.Volga river delta

8.Chao Phraya delta

12.Yellow river delta

16.Amazonas delta

Proposal: Tropical Delta Network (TDN)

Technology Inovation
1) Liquid Crystal Tunable Filter (LCTF): GIS information is very poor in tropical zone, because of heavy c
louds. As Human-Ecology-Environment Hyperlinkage (HEEH) System is extreamly complex, it is almost imp
ossible to apply conventional GIS for tropical ecosystem analysis, because of spectral number of sensor is sm
all. Microsatellite and hyperspectral sensor LCTF innovate tropical real-time observation system.
2) Real time monitoring system: Microclimate/ Soil/ Water Information by compact sensors with real time d
ata transference system
3) Mega data analysis system: a) Theories of analysis of large-scale time series data for different kinds of inf
ormation, and for the prediction and detection of unusual events
b) Theory of innovative visualization of results from mega data analysis

International Contribution:
Tropical Delta Network (TDN is established by integration of above innovated technologies, which contrib
ute to Global Standard of Tropical HyperObservation Network (THON , supporting UNFCCC, IPCC, CTC
N, GSP, and Future Earth for Carbon Inventory, REDD+, LULUCF, Inclusive MRV, so on.

Issues of Ecology&Envirnment in
Tropical/Subtropical Zone
13

12

11

10
7

8 9

Subtropics
Tropics

Main Delta in the World

1.Niger delta
2.Nile delta
3.Danube delta
4.Volga river delta
5.Indus river delta
6.Ganges delta
7.Irrawaddy delta
8.Chao Phraya delta
9.Mekong delta
10.Pearl river delta
11.Yangtze river delta
12.Yellow river delta
13.Lena river delta
14 14.Mississippi delta
15.Orinoco delta
16.Amazonas delta

15
Equator

16

Trait of Issues
Delta zoneMain Delta in the world locate 75% in tropical/subtropical region, which contribute high population density
High biodiversity zone: 1) Borneo, Amazon, and mountain area in South-East Asia, 2) costal and sea areas in South-east Asia
High carbon reservoir ecosystem (Peatland, Mangrove, and Coral) South-East Asia, Amazon, and Central Africa
Natural disaster zone Sea level increasing and Drought/Flood by climate change
Driving force on climate change: As Maritime area in South-East is very sallow and week currency, sea temperature increase easily,
contributing low atmospheric pressure

Difficulty of Estimation
As Human-Ecology-Environment Hyperlinkage (HEEH) System is extreamly complex, it is almost impossible to apply conventional
GIS for tropical ecosystem analysis
2) As clouds cover normally tropical/subtropical zone, it is difficult to satellite sensing,
3) Very few studies have been done in wetland/peatland/costal area

TDN-Research/education
networks
13

12

10
7

Subtropics

11

Tropics

8 9

15
Equator

Universities Network
Egypt-Japan University for Science and Technology (E-JUST)
Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology(MJIIT)
King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL)
Vietnam-Japan University (VJU)/ Can Tho University (CTU)
Collaboration with Global System
Earth Simulator
Data Integration & Analysis System (DIAS)
Collaboration with International Program
Future Earth
UNFCCC/IPCC
Climate Technology Center Network (CTCN)
Global Soil Partnership (GSP)
Sentinel Asia

Main Delta in the World

1.Niger delta
2.Nile delta
3.Danube delta
4.Volga river delta
5.Indus river delta
6.Ganges delta
7.Irrawaddy delta
8.Chao Phraya delta
9.Mekong delta
10.Pearl river delta
11.Yangtze river delta
12.Yellow river delta
13.Lena river delta
14 14.Mississippi delta
15.Orinoco delta
16.Amazonas delta

University
Hokkaido University

International Institute
IGES (Institute for Global Environmental
Strategies)
UNU

Company

Hitachi
Fujitsu Japan

16

TDN-Research/education
networks
-Key Center is Mekong Delta13

12

11

10
7

8 9

Subtropics
Tropics

15
Equator

Universities Network
Vietnam-Japan University (VJU)
Can Tho University (CTU)
etc

14

16

Reference

Tropical HyperObservation Network

HISUI Hyper (185 bands)

Advanced technology of hyperspectral sensor HISUI

VISIBLE

0.
5

WAVELENGTH
m

HISUI

INFRARED

1.0

1.
5

2.0

2.
5

SHORT WAVE INFRA RED

NEAR INFRA RED

185 bands

1
1

1 2

56 7 8 9

7.0 9.0 11.013.0

THERMAL
INFRA RED

185 bands (1
0-12.5nm re

Landsat7/8,QuickBird, IKONOS,
SPOT5/6, Pleides, WorldView-2

1011 12 13 14

ASTER
4

Panchromatic

Geoeye-1
1 2

QuickBird
1 2 34 5 6

WorldView2
Pleiades

1 2

1 2

1 2

3 4

IKONOS
RapidEye
1

SPOT5
1 2

1 2

SPOT6
5

Landsat7
12

Landsat8

10

Visible Bands

solution)

HIS
UIData
Hyper
HyperData
analysis
analysis

Real Time Sensing System by LCTF

+5V DC

Battery
200 x 100 x
150 mm
2.0 kg

USB cable

Multispectral Camera
Wide FOV lens
High-sensitive CCD
Liquid Crystal
Tunable Filter (LCTF)
for Visible
190 x 100 x 100 mm
1.3 kg

Total weight : 6.3 kg

Camera controller
300 x 200 x 60 mm
2.0 kg
Specifications
Wavelength
range

420 - 700 nm

Band width
(FWHM)

8 - 25 nm

Response time

< 0.3 sec

Frame rate

> 3 frames
/sec

Windows-based
PC
200 x 160 x
60
1.0 kg

 Multiple End-member Spectral Mixture Analysis (MES

MA)

MESMA was done with the spectral library

collected from K-mean unsupervised

4. Water Potentia

Hyperspectral Sensing by LCTF / HISUI

3. Biomass Mapping

HISUI (2016 )

LCTF (2014 )
5 m resolution
age Mapping
of crops
Micro

L a rg e T re e s
S m a ll T r e e s
T uT mu imh i T r e e s

b e tw e e n le a f s p e c t r a

w a te r c o n te n ts
30 m Spatial
resolution
7. Rice
yield
" H i g h e r w Mapping
a te r c o n te n t a n d w a te r p o te n tia l
" W a te r c o n te n t a n d w a te r p o te n tia l b o th in
@ 10-12.5 nm, 185 bands
N M D I , a l l o w i n g Rt h ee sm uo dl te l i n g u s i n g s p e c t r a

@ 420~1050 nm, 630 band

F o re s t
C l a s s i fi c a t i o n M a p

at the same time within the targeted area

B io m a s s E s tim a tio n
M ap

Subang

" T h e m o s t a c c u r a te m o d e l fo r e s tim a tin g w

L a rg e T re e s
u s in g r e fle
S m a ll T re e s

L A S S O r e g r e s s io n u s in g

d e r i v e d f r o m LImage
A S S O r e g r e s s io n
Hyperspectral
T uT mu imh

i T re e s

[t/h a ]

W B I

Indramayu

Reproductive
phase

B io m a s s
E s ti m a ti o n
M odel

F o re s t
C l a s s i fi c a t i o n M a p

W a t e r p o t e n t ia l

Satellite

R e s u lt

! R e la t io n s h ip
3. Biomass Mapping

B io m a s s E s tim a tio n
M ap

L A S S O r e g r e s s io n u s in g

(one tree mapping)

D i s s o l v e(dY.O Takahashi
r g a n i c C a ret
b o al
n )( D O C )

Red Dead trees

6. Growth
StageMapping
of crops
Green-Yellow
Water stressed
trees

Forest Degradation
Mapping (JSS & JAXA)

[t/h a ]

d Organic Carbon (CDOC)

Mapping
Biodiversity Mapping

AISA B:661nm G:842nm R:2101nm

B io m a s s

Various growth stages at the same time within the targeted area

Yield=(a
k*Rk)+b
Subang

Biomass Mapping (JSS &

Indramayu

Reproductive
phase

Vegetative phase

JAXA)

E s t i mPotential
a tio n
Leaf Water
CP=20.93
M odel
Mapping (JSS &

JAXA)

R:ch35, G:ch18, B:ch5

Ripening phase
(early)

Vegetative early
Vegetative mid
Vegetative late
Reproductive early
Reproductive mid
Reproductive late
Ripening early
a nRipening
ta n
mid
Ripening late

Ripening phase
(late)

ctral
e
gh to
ng
e b a n g a u R iv e r m , C e n tr a l K a lim
Dissolved Organic Carbon
(DOC) Mapping (JSS & JAXA)

Ripening phase
(early)

750g/m2
By using hyperspectral
data, only one-time
acquisition is enough to
classify rice growing
stage.

By hyperspectral data of
one-time
acquisition
Crop
Growth

Vegetative early
Vegetative mid
Vegetative late
Reproductive early
Reproductive mid
Reproductive late
Ripening early
Ripening mid
Ripening late

Stage

Mapping (JSS & JAXA)

Low
500g/m

By hyperspectral data of
2
one-time acquisition

By MODIS data of multitime acquisitions

5
11

Map
By MODISYield
data ofEstimation
multitime acquisitions
Crop Yield Mapping

(JSS & JAXA)

Degree of Risk High

11

Crude Prot

Disease Mapping
(Early detection of rice blast)
(JSS & JAXA)

Smart Remote Sensing with Super-Constellation

by Asian Micro-satellite Consortium

10 micro-satellites in equatorial orbits

enables 10-min interval monitoring

Altitude [600m]

390
388
386
384
382
380

Wind

378
376
374

372
43.20
370
141.20
43.15
141.25
43.10
141.30
141.35
43.05
141.40
43.00
141.45
141.50 42.95

GOSAT

FES-C

The ground base column concentration

sensor with optical fiber technology
(FES-C)

Inovation of Climate Change Model

Asia Maritime Continents is one of driving force of Asian and Global

Climate
Diagram of the Madden-Julian
Oscillation (MJO)

Asia Maritime
Continents

Global Sunder Network established by

Hokkaido University
Sunder
Activity

Cumulonimbus in
West Pacific Ocean
The Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) assume
to affect on start and end of El Nio-Southern
Oscillation, which depend strongly on
cumulonimbus activity

Strong relationship between cumulonimbus

in West Pacific Ocean and and sunder
activity in Asia Maritime Continents

Inclusive MRV System in Delta

-Only one MRV system in the world following UNFCCC TIER 3 levelMicroSatellite &
LCTF*4

Satellite

GOSAT (1)

Airborne
/***UAV

Terra &
Aqua
MODIS (2)

UAV*3(1), (3)

Landsat, SPOT, ASTER, Hisui PALSAR, AMSR-E

TerraSAR,
(3), (4), (8)
(4), (5), (6), (7)
2
AVNIR-2, VHR*
Sensors (3), (4)

LiDAR (4), (6), (7)

Lateral CO2 Flux

Vertical

(1) CO2 Flux &

Concentration
(2) Wildfire
CO2 Flux
detection &
Chamber(1)
Hotspot

(3) Forest
degradation &
Species mapping (4)
DGPS(7)
FES-C*1 (1)
DGPS(7)
Deforestation (5)Water level,
& Forest
& Soil
biomass
moisture
Drilling(6
change
Water
)
(7)Peat
Gauge(5)
*1:FES-C : Fiber Etalon Solar measurement of CO2
(6)Peat dome detection
subsidence
*2:VHR : Very High Resolution Remote Sensing
& Peat thickness
(8)Water soluble
Data
organic carbon
*3:UAV: Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
Red: Instrument
*4:LCTF: Liquid Crystal Tunable Filter
Black: Target

Ground

Tower(1)

Bases for Mega Data Analysis

Theories of analysis of largescale time series data for
different kinds of information,
and for the prediction and
detection of unusual events

Integrated analysis of
large-scale time series data
for different kinds of
information

Theory of innovative
visualization of results
from mega data analysis

Real-time analysis of largescale time series data for

different kinds of information
Design of unusual event prediction
and detection techniques from largescale time series data for different
kinds of information
Application to satellite data

Disaster planning

Prediction of damage
from disasters and detection
of unusual events based on
satellite data

Design of advanced visualization

techniques for results from mega data
analysis

Accumulated mega data

Integration of the data
stored in the cloud
Agricultural ICT solutions
Improvements in the efficiency of
mutual aid in agricultural work
based on satellite data/Improvements
in the efficiency of agricultural work
based on satellite data

Maintenance of socialinfrastructure
Detection and prediction
of degrade and abnormality
of social-infrastructure

Experiments with visualization

of information required for
determining policy measures

Smart Grids
Estimating power
demands with satellite
data

Preservation of biodiversity
Marine ecosystem analysis based on
satellite data/ Detection of unusual events in
the social-infrastructure and prediction of
deterioration due to length of service by use
in conjunction with satellite and sensor data

Africa
Asia & Pacific
Latin America & Caribbean

Future Earth
Toward
global sustainability research Future Earth
Future Earth is a new 10-year international research initiative that will develop the knowledge for responding effectively to the risks and opportunities of
global environmental change and for supporting transformation towards global sustainability in the coming decades. Future Earth will mobilize
thousands of scientists while strengthening partnerships with policy-makers and other stakeholders to provide sustainability options and solutions in the
wake of Rio+20.

Future Earth Blog launched

Thanks for your attention!

Future Earth has launched a new online presence at http:/ / www.futureearth.info. Intended to be a home for innovative new ideas and essential reading for everyone engaged in
global sustainability, this online magazine will be a showcase and discussion forum for the latest ideas and developments in research in this area, both in the projects that form part of
Future Earth's network and beyond.

Future Earth will be a global platform to deliver:

Solution-orientated research for sustainability, linking environmental change and development challenges to satisfy human needs for food, water, energy, health;
Effective interdisciplinary collaboration across natural and social sciences, humanities, economics, and technology development, to find the best scientific solutions to
multi-faceted problems;
Timely information for policy-makers by generating the knowledge that will support existing and new global and regional integrated assessments;
Participation of policy-makers, funders, academics, business and industry, and other sectors of civil society in co-designing and co-producing research agendas and
knowledge;
Increased capacity building in science, technology and innovation, especially in developing countries and engagement of a new generation of scientists.

Establishment of international collaborating

research laboratory for open innovation
To solve global-scale issues, collaborating research lab.s for research cooperation or implementing new
technologies are established at institutions of partner countries.
Based on the results of previous cooperation, sustainable research collaboration will be supported by
Japanese government under the condition of commitment by partner countries.
Strategically important areas and research topics are chosen as the targets.
Young researchers and coordinators for implementing new technologies are dispatched to the partner
countries for long term to make sustainable partnership.
Social experiments and implementation which are impossible to be conducted in Japan are expected.
MEXT Taskforce
Academia

Industrial world Related organs

Choose
area / topics

Example of contributions of partner countries

Providing space to establish research lab.s
A part of R&D expenses and salaries

Accept
(tentative)

Committee for examination

Public
advertisement

Accept,
Financial
support

Apply

Universities
Research institutions

MOU

Research hub

Partner
Institutions

India / ASEAN Countries Developing Countries Developed Countries

850 thousands $ /year 1.7 million $ /year
1.2 million $ /year
2 projects
4 projects
4 projects
Periods: 5 years (possibly to be extended up to 10 years)

UNFCC-SBSTA 38 Research Dialogue

-Developments in research activities relevant to the needs of the Convention4 June 2012, 15:00 - 18:00, Maritim Hotel, Bonn, Germany
Plenary II: Emerging scientific findings: Ecosystems and GHG emissions and removals
from sources, sinks and reservoirs, including from terrestrial ecosystems

UNFCCC
workshop
on
Technical and scientific aspects of ecosystems with h
igh-carbon reservoirs not covered by other agenda ite
ms
under
the
Convention
24 to 25 October 2013, Bonn, Germany
1)
Peatlands/Wetlands
2) Costal Ecosystem (Mangrove/Coral/Sea grass/Wetlands)
3) Permafrost