PAPER BATTERY

SAYYAM GADHOK
BE IIIrd Year

Seminar Guide:
Mr Vishal Sharma

ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

ENGINEERING
UIET, PANJAB UNIVERSITY,
CHANDIGARH

CONTENTS
Introduction To Batteries
What is Paper Battery?
About Carbon Nanotubes
Fabrication of paper battery
Working of paper battery
Advantages of paper battery
Limitations
Applications of paper battery
Conclusion
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Introduction To Batteries
An electrical battery is one or more
electrochemical cells that convert stored
chemical energy into electrical energy.

continued..
Electrons flow from the negative terminal
towards the positive terminal.

CLASSIFIACTION OF BATTERIES
Based on Recharging:
Non rechargeable or primary cells
Rechargeable or secondary cells
Based on the Size:
Miniature batteries
Industrial batteries
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continued..
Based on Nature of Electrolyte:
Dry cell
Wet cell

HAZARDS RELATED TOBATTERIES

Explosion
Corrosion
Environmental Pollution
Ingestion
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What is Paper
Battery?
A paper battery
is a flexible, ultra-thin

energy storage and production device

formed by combining carbon nanotube s with
a conventional sheet of cellulose-based
paper.
Acts as both a high-energy battery and
supercapacitor, combining two components
that are separate in traditional electronics .
This combination allows the battery to
provide both long-term, steady power
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production and bursts of energy.

continued..
Non-toxic, flexible paper batteries have the
potential to power the next generation of
electronics, medical devices and hybrid
vehicles, allowing for radical new designs
and medical technologies.
Paper batteries may be folded, cut or
otherwise shaped for different applications
without any loss of integrity or efficiency .
Early prototypes of the device are able to
produce 2.5 volts of electricity from a sample
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the size of a postage stamp.

continued..

The Black Piece of Paper can power

a small
light
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Carbon Nano
tubes

continued
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are allotropes
of carbon with a cylindrical nanostructure.
Nanotubes have been constructed with
length-to-diameter ratio of up to
132,000,000:1, significantly larger than
any other material.
These cylindrical carbon molecules have
Novel Properties, making them potentially
useful in many applications in
nanotechnology, electronics, optics, and
other fields of materials science, as well as
potential uses in architectural fields.

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continued
They exhibit extraordinary strength and
unique electrical properties, and are
efficient thermal conductors.
In Paper Batteries the nanotubes act as
electrodes, allowing the storage devices to
conduct electricity.
Carbon nanotubes have been
implemented in Nano Electromechanical
systems, including mechanical memory
elements (NRAM being developed by
Nantero Inc.)
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abrication of Paper Batter

Materials Required are:
a) Copier paper
b) Carbon Nano ink
c) Oven

) STEPS:
Step 1: The copier paper is taken.
Step 2: Carbon Nano ink which is black in color
is taken. Carbon nano ink is a solution of nano
rods, surface adhesive agent and ionic salt
solutions. Carbon nano ink is spread on one side
of the paper.
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continued.
Step 3: The paper is kept inside the oven at
150C temperature. This evaporates the water
content on the paper. The paper and the nano
rods get attached to each other.
Step 4: Place the multi meter on the sides of
the paper and we can see voltage drop is
generated.
After drying the paper becomes flexible, light
weight in nature. The paper is scratched and
rolled to protect the nano rods on paper.
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Fabrication process

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Working of Paper Battery

The battery produces electricity in the
same way as the conventional lithium-ion
batteries that power so many of today's
gadgets, but all the components have
been incorporated into a lightweight,
flexible sheet of paper.
Devices are formed by combining
cellulose with an infusion of aligned
Carbon Nanotubes. The carbon is what
gives the batteries their black color.
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continued

Tiny filaments act like the electrodes

& conduct electricity when the paper
comes into contact with an ionic liquid
solution.
Ionic liquids contain no water, which
means that there is nothing to freeze
or evaporate in extreme environmental
conditions.
Paper batteries can function between
-75 to 1500 Celsius.
Paper is made conducting by dipping in

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continued

The paper electrode stores charge while

recharging in tens of seconds because ions
flow through the thin electrode quickly. In
contrast, lithium batteries take 20 minutes to
recharge
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18

ADVANTAGES
FLEXIBLE SHAPE:
a) Paper battery is that it can be bent to any
such shape or design that the user might
have in mind.
b) The battery can easily squeeze into tight
crevasses and can be cut multiple times
without ruining the battery's life.
Example: If a battery is cut in half, each piece
will function, however, each piece will only
contain 1/2 the amount of original power.
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Conversely, placing two sheets of paper

continued..
REPLACE CONVENTIONAL
BATTERIES:
a) By layering sheets of this paper, the
battery's voltage and current can be
increased that many times. Since the main
components of the paper battery are carbon
nanotubes and cellulose, the body structure
of the battery is very thin, PAPER THIN".
b) To maximize even more power, the sheets of
battery paper can be stacked on top of one
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another to give off tremendous power.

continued.
MEDICAL APPLICATIONS:
a) Supplies power to an implanted pacemaker
in the human body by using the electrolytes
in human blood.
b) Battery can be energized by the electrolyte
emitted from one's own blood or body sweat.
c) Leading to Conserve the usage of Battery
Acid and rely on an environmental friendly
mechanism of fueling battery cells with the
help from our bodies.
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continued.
MOULDED INTO DIFFERENT
SHAPES:
The paper battery can be molded to take the
shape of large objects, like a car door:
As stated earlier, the key characteristics that
make the paper battery very appealing are that
it can be transformed into any shape or size, it
can be cut multiple times without damaging it,
and it can be fueled through various ways
besides the typical harmful battery acid that is
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used in the current day battery.

LIMITATIONS
SIZE: Presently, the devices are only a
few inches across and they have to be
scaled up to sheets of newspaper size to
make it commercially viable.
EXPENSIVE: Carbon Nanotubes are
very expensive, and batteries with large
enough power are unlikely to be cost
effective.
DEFORESTATION: Cutting of trees
leading to destroying the nature

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APPLICATIONS
Pacemakers
Alternate source of energy
Powered smart cards RF ID tags
Toys, Sound-books
Ecards, greetings, talking posters

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CONCLUSION

Replacing old bulky batteries

Less E-waste
Reduce weight of electronic gadgets
The adaptations to the paper battery
technique
in the future could allow for simply
painting the
Nanotube ink and active materials onto
surfaces

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Links
References

To

http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/battery.htm
http://everything2.com/e2node/Lithium%2520ion%2520battery
http://www.batteryuniversity.com
http://news-service.stanford.edu/news/2008/january9/nanowire-010908
.html
http://www.nano.gov/html/research/industry.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckminster_Fuller
http://www.nanowerk.com/spotlight/spotid=5210.php

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THANK YOU

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