VoIP Signaling and Call Control

Cisco Networking Academy Program

IP Telephony

2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Public

Need for Signaling and Call Control

IP Telephony

2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Public

Model for VoIP Signaling and

Call Control
VoIP signaling components
Endpoints

Common control
Common control components
Call administration
Accounting

IP Telephony

2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Public

Call Control Models

H.323
SIP
MGCP
H.248/Megaco protocol
SAP
RTSP
Cisco CallManager

IP Telephony

2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Public

Translation Between Signaling and Call

Control

IP Telephony

2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Public

RTP Sessions

IP Telephony

2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Public

Call Feature Negotiation

IP Telephony

2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Public

Call Administration and Accounting

Administration
Monitors call activity
Monitors resource utilization
Supports user service requests

Accounting
Maintains call detail records

IP Telephony

2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Public

Call Status

IP Telephony

2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Public

Address Registration

IP Telephony

2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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10

Address Resolution

IP Telephony

2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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11

Admission Control

IP Telephony

2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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12

Centralized Call Control

IP Telephony

2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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13

Distributed Call Control

IP Telephony

2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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14

Centralized Call Control vs. Distributed Call

Control

IP Telephony

2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Public

15

Configuring H.323

IP Telephony

2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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16

H.323 and Associated Recommendations

IP Telephony

2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Public

17

H.323 Adapted to IP

IP Telephony

2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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18

H.323 Terminals

IP Telephony

2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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19

H.323 Gateways

IP Telephony

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20

IP-to-IP Gateways

IP Telephony

2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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21

H.323 Gatekeepers

IP Telephony

2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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22

Multipoint Conference Components

IP Telephony

2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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23

Component Relationships for Call

Establishment and Management
Endpoint (gateway) to endpoint (gateway)
Endpoint (gateway) to gatekeeper
Gatekeeper to gatekeeper

IP Telephony

2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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24

RAS Messages

IP Telephony

2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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25

H.323 Basic Call Setup

IP Telephony

2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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26

H.323 Fast Connect Call Setup

IP Telephony

2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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27

Finding and Registering with a Gatekeeper

IP Telephony

2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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28

Call Flow with a Gatekeeper

IP Telephony

2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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29

Gatekeeper-Routed Call Signaling

IP Telephony

2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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30

Multipoint Conferences

IP Telephony

2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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31

Scalability with Multiple Gatekeepers

IP Telephony

2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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32

Call Flow with Multiple Gatekeepers

IP Telephony

2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Public

33

Survivability Strategies
H.323 replication strategies include the
following:
HSRP
Gateway preconfigured for two gatekeepers or for
multicast discovery
Multiple gatekeepers configured for the same
prefix
Multiple gateways configured for the same prefix

IP Telephony

2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Public

34

H.323 Proxy Server

IP Telephony

2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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35

Cisco Implementation of H.323

IP Telephony

2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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36

Configuration Example

IP Telephony

2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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37

Configuring the Gateways

Gateway 1

IP Telephony

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38

Configuring the Gateways (Cont.)

Gateway 2

IP Telephony

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39

Configuring the Gatekeepers

Gatekeeper 1

IP Telephony

2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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40

Configuring the Gatekeepers (Cont.)

Gatekeeper 2

IP Telephony

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41

Example: show Command

IP Telephony

2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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42

Configuring MGCP

IP Telephony

2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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43

MGCP and Associated Standards

MGCP is defined in RFC 2705, October 1999
MGCP architecture and requirements are defined in
RFC 2805, April 2000
Centralized device control with simple endpoints
for basic and enhanced telephony services
Allows remote control of various devices
Stimulus protocol
Endpoints and gateways cannot function alone

Uses IETF SDP

Addressing by E.164 telephone number

IP Telephony

2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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44

MGCP Components

IP Telephony

2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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45

Endpoints
Eight types of endpoints are defined in RFC 2705:
Digital channel
Analog line
Announcement server access point
IVR access point
Conference bridge access point
Packet relay
Wiretap access point
ATM trunk side interface
IP Telephony

2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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46

Endpoint Identifiers

IP Telephony

2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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47

Gateways and Their Roles

Trunk gateway SS7 ISUP
Trunk gateway MF
NAS
Combined NAS/VoIP gateway
Access gateway
Residential gateway
Announcement servers

IP Telephony

2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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48

Call Agents

IP Telephony

2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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49

Basic MGCP Concepts

Calls and connections
Events and signals
Packages and digit maps

IP Telephony

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50

Calls and Connections

IP Telephony

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51

Multipoint Calls

IP Telephony

2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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52

Events and Signals

Events:
Continuity detection (as a result of a continuity test)
Continuity tone
DTMF digits
Fax tones
Hookflash
Modem tones
Off-hook transition
On-hook transition
IP Telephony

2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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53

Events and Signals (Cont.)

Signals:
Answer tone

DTMF tones

Busy tone

Intercept tone

Call waiting tone

Network congestion
tone

Confirm tone
Continuity test
Continuity tone
Dial tone
Distinctive ringing (07)
IP Telephony

2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Off-hook warning tone

Preemption tone
Ringback tone
Ringing
Cisco Public

54

Packages
Basic packages (generic media, DTMF, MF, trunk,
line, handset, RTP, NAS, announcement server,
script)
CAS packages (RFC 3064)
Business telephone packages (RFC 3149)

IP Telephony

2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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55

Gateways and Their Packages

IP Telephony

2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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56

Digit Maps

IP Telephony

2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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57

Control Commands
EndpointConfiguration (EPCF)
NotificationRequest (RQNT)
Notify (NTFY)
CreateConnection (CRCX)
ModifyConnection (MDCX)
DeleteConnection (DLCX)
AuditEndPoint (AUEP)
AuditConnection (AUCX)
RestartInProgress (RSIP)
IP Telephony

2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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58

Call Flows

IP Telephony

2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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59

Survivability Strategies

IP Telephony

2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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60

Cisco Implementation of MGCP

IP Telephony

2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Public

61

Understanding Basics of
Cisco CallManager

Basic CallManager Configuration

for MGCP Gateway Support:
1. Create an MGCP Gateway
2. Configure the FX Ports
3. Test the Phones for Local Connectivity
IP Telephony

2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Public

62

Cisco CallManager Implementation and Call

FlowsRegistration

IP Telephony

2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Public

63

Cisco Call Manager Implementation and

Call FlowsFXS Call Flow

IP Telephony

2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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64

Configuring an MGCP Residential Gateway

ccm-manager mgcp
!
mgcp
mgcp call-agent 172.20.5.20
!
voice-port 1/0/0
!
voice-port 1/0/1
!
dial-peer voice 1 pots
application MGCPAPP
port 1/0/0
!
dial-peer voice 2 pots
application MGCPAPP
port 1/0/1
!

IP Telephony

2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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65

Configuring an MGCP Trunk Gateway

!
ccm-manager-mgcp
mgcp 4000
mgcp call-agent 209.165.202.129 4000
!
controller T1 1/0
framing esf
clock source internal
ds0-group 1 timeslots 1-24 type none service mgcp
!
controller T1 1/1
framing esf
clock source internal
ds0-group 1 timeslots 1-24 type none service mgcp
!
voice-port 1/0:1
!
voice-port 1/1:1
!

IP Telephony

2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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66

Example: show Command

Router# show mgcp statistics

UDP pkts rx 8, tx 9
Unrecognized rx pkts 0, MGCP message parsing errors 0
Duplicate MGCP ack tx 0, Invalid versions count 0
CreateConn rx 4, successful 0, failed 0
DeleteConn rx 2, successful 2, failed 0
ModifyConn rx 4, successful 4, failed 0
DeleteConn tx 0, successful 0, failed 0
NotifyRequest rx 0, successful 4, failed 0
AuditConnection rx 0, successful 0, failed 0
AuditEndpoint rx 0, successful 0, failed 0
RestartInProgress tx 1, successful 1, failed 0
Notify tx 0, successful 0, failed 0
ACK tx 8, NACK tx 0
ACK rx 0, NACK rx 0
IP address based Call Agents statistics:
IP address 10.24.167.3, Total msg rx 8, successful 8,
failed 0

IP Telephony

2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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67

IP Telephony

2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Public

68