All-IP RAN interworking

IP RAN supports

Rel
Rel
Rel
Rel
Rel

99 Iu (for WCDMA and GERAN ),

97/99 A and Gb/IP,
99 Iur for WCDMA
99 Iur-g for GERAN Rel'5
97/99 terminals

--> Full interoperation with

installed networks
CN interface

Nokia All-IP RAN

UTRAN
Rel'99,
Rel4

RNGW
RNGW

RNAS
RNAS

CSGW
CSGW

RNC

Iub

Rel 99
UTRAN
Iur

CRMS
CRMS

NOKIA

FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN

BSC

SMLC
SMLC

LMU SMLC
LMU SMLC

IP BTS
IP BTS
OMS
OMS

BSS
any release

CRMS
CRMS

Iur-g for
GERAN
Rel'5 only

Abis

Optimized
Traffic
architectur
e/ products
for these
5.00
4.50
worlds ?

growth scenario
2000
1800

Non-Realtime
Realtime
Voice

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

MBytes / user / day

Background

1600

4.00
3.50
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00

1400

Interactive

1200

Streaming

1000

Video calls

800

CS Data

600

Rich Call

400

IP Voice

200

CS Voice

0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Bits/s BH / user
~60/20/20 % traffic
reference: best effort
packet/ CS-voice/ RT
packet data)
'application' bits over Air interface

NOKIA

FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN

Nokia distributed All-IP RAN

architecture
Multiradio
architecture, with
multimode All-IP BTS
User plane and
Control plane
separated to allow
optimised handling
Dynamic association
between BTS and
Radio Access Servers
Radio interface
performance critical
functions located in
the BTS, close to
radio
Transport optimised
by relocating
functionalities

NOKIA

FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN

Upgrades to
Nokia UltraSite
and MetroSite
EDGE /
WCDMA Base
Stations

Radio
Common
NW O&M Radio
Access Serv Resource
Server er Server

A and Iu-c
Nokia
FlexiServer

Nokia CS Gateway

Gb
IP / ATM / MPLS transport
Iu-ps
Multimode
All-IP Base Station
GSM/EDGE/WCDMA WLAN

Nokia RN
Gateway

Core Network GatewaysPlatform:

Platform:
IP740
RNGW: RAN
Gateway

IuPS
Platform:
Cplan
e
FlexiServ
BSSAP/RANAP
er
RNAS
relay
RNGW
CSGW
RNAS:
Ctrl
Ctrl
RAN
Access
BSSAP
Server
Iu-PS
Ctr
'/
Iu-PS BSGW
RANA UC l
BSGW
P'
F

RNGW
RAN Gateway is the
user plane gateway
for IP traffic.
Micromobility
anchor for Iu-PS
Uplane
Firewall t.b.d.

NOKIA

IPA2800

IuPS
Uplan
e

RNAS
Radio Network Access Server
is the control plane gateway
for RAN-external signaling.
Micromobility anchor for
Cplane (terminates the
signaling bearer connections,
and relays L3 messages)
Paging Server
O&M of CN interface (reset,
overload)
RNGW and CSGW control

FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN

Iu-CS
A
CSGW: Circuit
Switched
Gateway
A/IP, IuCS/IP

CSGW
Circuit Switched Gateway is
the user plane gateway for
non IP traffic
ATM to IP interworking (Iu-CS
and Iur, both Cplane and
Uplane
PCM to IP Interworking (A,
Uplane and Cplane)
Transcoding
Micromobility anchor for A
and Iu-CS Uplane

RAN Common Servers

Common Resource
Management ServerO&M Server

Serving Mobile
Location Centre

Platform:
FlexiServer

CRMS
Common Radio
Resource Management
Server performs RAN
Wide Radio Resource
Management (inter
cell/layers/system)
Load sharing
Policy Management
Autotuning for load
sharing between layer

NOKIA

FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN

OMS
O&M Servers
performs RAN O&M
functions
Connection to OSS
Logical O&M
System Info
Broadcast
Configuration
Manag.
Performance
Manag.
Fault Manag.
Autotuning
features

SMLC
Serving Mobile
Location Center
performs UE
Positioning
Calculations
Support of multiple
positioning methods
Support of
positioning request
through 2G and 3G
core
LMU control and
O&M

UE Control Function
Termination of the CN
signalling
Radio signalling (RR,
RRC)
RAB Admission control
Handover control
Initialisation of dedicated
resources in the network
ULTRA
upgrade
OMS
Cell Resource
Server
GRR protocol
Radio Admission
control
Channel allocation
and resource
reservation
BS
Load
Control
O&M
Termination of
logical O&M
interface
Implementation
specific O&M
6

NOKIA

All-IP BTS
CN
Cplan
e
CN
Uplan
e

UCF

RR
O&M

FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN

Base Station Gateway

Termination of CN interface
user plane
PDCP, RLC, MAC-d
MDC (Soft Handoff)
Ciphering
External Iur: one UE may
use UCF/BSGW in
Serving BTS, and
CRS/CGW(L1) in drift
BTS

BSGW

CRS

CGW

(Iub / Abis)

BTS L1

BTS L1: Same

functionality of Rel'99
BTS and Node B

LMU

Cell Gateway
GERAN PCU
WCDMA PS for
shared and HS data
channel
Retransmission
SMLC

Location Measurement
Unit
Could be external to
the IP BTS

All-IP RAN products

NOKIA

FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN

High level BTS integration

Example configuration
3 sectored 2+2+2 solution
384 code channels
multi-mode upgradeable
Expansion slots

NOKIA

FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN

Comparision, RNC functionality in

IP RAN
Assumptions based on
Peritus y. 2008
PS traffic: 12174
Mbit/s
CS tarffic: 4870
Mbit/s
subscribers: 13,6 M
-> 168 rack s RNCs ( or
676 racks BSS11 BSC )

RNC
RNC
RNC
RNC
RNC
RNC
RNC
RNC
RNC
RNC
RNC
RNAS RNGW
RNC
RNC
RNC
RNC
RNC
CSGW
RNGW CSGW
CSGW

-> 5 racks RNAS

-> 30 racks CSGW
-> 15 racks RNGW
= 50 racks with IP RAN
9

NOKIA

FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN

One rack = 10 racks

All-IP Indoor Supreme BTS

MEA + MCI

High Capacity All-IP BTS

MAF

RF Units
Mode specific

MTP

FAN

MSU

Supports 1-9 sectored solutions

up to 36 WCDMA carriers per cabin
up to 1152 code channels per cabin
multi-mode capable with All-IP RAN
ideal for multi-operator RAN
full support for Nokia Smart Radio
ideal for indoor installations
Co-siting with existing BTS sites

MAM
MUP
MRS

MIM

Common
Multi-radio
digital units

MFE

Dimensions H x W x D
1800 x 600 x 60
Operating temperature range -40 +50
Mains Supply
-48 VDC or 230 VAC

10

NOKIA

FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN

All-IP Outdoor Compact BTS

MEA + MCI

MAF

MFE

MTP

FAN

MSU
MAM
MRS

MIM

MUP

11

NOKIA

FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN

High Capacity All-IP BTS

Supports 1-9 sectored solutions

up to 36 WCDMA carriers per
cabinet
up to 1152 code channels per
cabinet
multi-mode capable with All-IP
RAN rel. 2
ideal for multi-operator RAN
full support for Nokia Smart
Radio Concept
ideal for outdoor installations
Co-siting with existing BTS sites
minimized site requirements due
Dimensions H x W x D
1500 x 770 x 770
to small size
Operating temperature range -40 +50 C
unobtrusive
in roof
Mains
Supply
-48top
VDC or 230 VAC
installations due to low cabinet
height

All-IP Upgrade to Ultrasite

WCDMA BTS
WAF

WPA

Base station (BTS) software

upgrade for new functionality:
Iub over IP in R4 network

WIC

All-IP RAN BTS in R5

WTR

WSC
WPS

IRIS

WAM x 2
WSP x 6

IFU x 5

WSM

WFA

Transport upgrade:
new IP router unit (IRIS),
reuse of RAN1/RAN2 IFUs (IP over
ATM), or
introduction of new IP IFUs (no
ATM)

12

NOKIA

FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN

All-IP RAN Server Configurations Examples

OMS+RNAS+CRMS+SMLC

OMS+RNAS+CRMS

OMS+SMLC

OMS+CRMS

( ca. 3 Msubs )

( ca. 1.5M subs )

(ca. 1.5M subs)

( ca. 1M subs )

HDD
OMS
RNAS
SMLC
CRMS

Flexible configuration of nodes to different server applications; max. 44 nodes per rack
Connectivity to 1000 IP-BTS, max. 6000 IP-RAN cells; Capacities/node estimates with
current call-mix assumptions for 2008: RNAS 150k subs, CRMS: 250k subs, SMLC: 375k
subs
13

NOKIA

FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN

All-IP RAN Servers - Server

Blades HW
Chassis

Up to 12 CPU
slots

Cabinet

2 x LAN switches
& Fiber Channel
hubs,
System mgt
functions

Fan
tray,
display
panel

IP Director
CPU
Disk Drive

9/11/12 nodes per subrack, two CPUs per node => 88 CPUs per rack
duplicated IP director per rack (one IP address, or very few addresses,
visible to external network)
Pair of disks per rack (exact location in the rack FFS)
14

NOKIA

FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN

RNGW
IP740 platform
Ethernet Switch

19" racking
User plane
throughput 44 Mbps
per RNGW (200 byte
packets), 150k RABs
(max. 2.5k
Handovers/s)
max. 18 RNGWs per
rack => 792 Mbps
and 2.7M RABs per
rack

15

NOKIA

FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN

Ethernet Switch

Ethernet Switches
- circa 3U each
RNGW
- circa 2U each
- up to 18 RNGWs per
rack (without switches)

1 cabinet
10000 channels

16
NOKIA
FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN
TCU
TCU

CDSP
CDSP

A2SU

AL2SU

IPNIU
x

x
TBUF

ISU

CCP10
IPS1/IPGE

A2SU

A2SU

AL2SU

TCU

CDSP

MXU

AL2SU

PD20
MX622-B

MXU

TCU
CDSP

TCU

TCU

CDSP

CDSP

TCU

CDSP

MX622-B

TCU

TBUF

x
MXU
TCU
TCU
TCU
A2SU
TCU
A2SU

PD20
MX622-B
CDSP
CDSP
AL2S
CDSP
CDSP
AL2S

TBUF

xTCU

MXU
MX622-B

xCDSP

TCU
TCU

CDSP
CDSP

TCU
IPNIU

TCU
TCU
CDSP

TCU
A2SU

TCU

CDSP

ISU

TCU

CDSP

CCP10

TCU

CDSP

IPS1/IPGE
CDSP

IWU
TCU

IW16P1
CDSP

CDSP
AL2S

IWU
TCU
TCU
IWU

IW16P1
CDSP
IW16P1
CDSP

TBUF

10 000 Iu-CS
channels per
rack
TCU

TSS3

(OMU)

HDS

CCP10

(NEMU)

HDS

(OMU )

MDS

PD20

MX622-B

CCP10

CCP10

CCP10

NIS0/ 0 /

CCP10

SF10

TBUF

WDU / 1

OMU / 1

W DU / 1

FDU

MXU 0/ 1

SPMU / 1

CACU / 1

CM / 1

NIS1/ 0

ISU

SFU /1

1800 * 600 *
600 mm
(H*W*D) rack

CDSP

TBUF

(OMU)

HDS

CCP10

(NEMU)

HDS

MCPC2

ESA12

EHAT

PD20

MX622-B

CCP10

CCP10

CCP10

NIS0/ 0 /

SF10

TSS3

WDU / 0

OMU / 0

W DU / 0

NEMU

(NEMU)

EHU

MXU 0/ 0

SPMU / 0

CACU / 0

CM / 0

NIS1/ 0

SFU /0

IPA2800
platform

CDSP

CSGW
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

Core Site Solution ( incl. All-IP

RAN Servers
)Site (IP/MPLS)
Core
RNC
MSC SGSN
HSS CPS
Server
GGSN

MGW

RNGW
Interconnects

All-IP RAN
Servers

IP

ATM

LAN/WAN
connectivity
(IP/MPLS)
17

NOKIA

OSR

FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN

GSR

CSGW

SDH/
DWDM

Simulation on All-IP RAN gains

18

NOKIA

FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN

Radio Performance gains in All-IP

RAN
Introduction / Background
User Plane packet channel Gains
Control Plane packet channel Gains for
Packet Services
Combined results
Other Potential Gains
Summary

19

NOKIA

FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN

Radio performance in All-IP RAN

-Setting up a session for a transport
protocol (e.g. TCP) is quicker in IP RAN due
to faster transport and smaller RLC RTT
- User experiences smaller delay in setup
phase.

Router

All-IP BTS
RLC

Mobile
Transport
Protocol

RLC
- Transport is based on fast IP routing in IP
RAN.
- 'Information highway' ends in RNC in UTRAN,
but lasts till IP BTS in IP RAN.
- Routing of a packet from CN to IP BTS takes
only few ms.

No Iub in IP RAN -->

- Smaller RLC RTT
- quicker RLC retransmissions
- User experiences better bit rate for
bursty traffic

20

NOKIA

FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN

Rlc and transport protocol

IP RAN

UTRAN/BSS

Transport
protocol

Transport
protocol

RLC

RLC

Mobile

21

NOKIA

BTS

RNC/BSC

FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN

Server

Transport
protocol

Transport
protocol

RLC

RLC

Mobile

IP BTS

Server

All-IP RAN Gains for Packet

Services

Details on the transmission of a data burst

Minimum allocation time of channels

UTRAN

Iub Setup

Scheduling,
RF meas.
and pwr calc.

Transmission on DSCH

Release
Timer

Iub
Release

Channel Allocation
User Plane
Time
Gain
Release
Gain Timer Gain
Scheduling,
Rel.
RF meas. Transmission on DSCH
Timer
and pwr calc.

IP RAN

Start: Packet
scheduler decides
to use DSCH
transmission

22

NOKIA

Control Plane Gain

time

Channel
User
Release
Plane
Timer
Allocation
Gain:
Gain:Time Gain:
Control
Plane
Gain:
Faster
Shorter
RLC RTT setup
allocation
gives
time
timegives
faster
of DCH/DSCH
that
transmission
the
gives
No Iub allocation
interface
time,
gives
faster
of
release
higher
userof
availability
data.
timer
can be
of
codes
reduced.
and increased
capacity.
setup
the DSCH
and
associated
DCH

FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN

User Plane Gains for Packet

Services (I)
Assumptions:

- TCP/IP traffic, e.g. web browsing, single object per page: TCP
algorithms (slow start with 1 Maximum Segment Size initial
window, MSS = 1460 B, delayed TCP acknowledgement)
- TCP session setup: 3-way handshake (3 messages, last setup
message contains HTTP request)
- RLC RTT 140 ms for UTRAN and 70 ms for IP RAN
- Block Error Rate over radio 10%
- Constant user bitrate over the radio interface
- CN RTT 65 ms (web server very close to RAN). No server
processing time.

Experienced Bit Rate: user bits / total TX time, without

DSCH/DCH allocation delay
Gain (%): how much better experienced bit rate IP
RAN gives compared to UTRAN with Iub interface
Result evaluated for WCDMA case, similar results for
GERAN

23

NOKIA

FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN

User Plane Gains for Packet

Services (II)
Gain depends, for example, on the allocated user bit
rate, RLC BLER and the page size.
IP RAN Gain (%) for different page sizes,
10% BLER
40

Page sizes

30

23 kbits
46 kbits

20

105 kbits

10

296 kbits

0
32

64
128
256
384
Radio Channel Capacity (kbps)

The smaller the page the more gain -> the gain in the
beginning of downloading
The bigger the user bit rate the more gain -> the big
bitpipe used more efficiently in All-IP RAN
24

NOKIA

FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN

Control Plane Gains for Packet

Services (I)
The Control Plane (ex: allocation and release of radio
channel, channel switch, etc) is more efficient in All-IP
RAN than in UTRAN, mainly thanks to that there is no
Iub interface.
The gain from the more efficient Control Plane is
especially large for packet services, due to the
frequent change of state.
Evaluation: Find the improvement in download time
for files of different sizes
for different user bit rates on the air interface
Assumption: Iub setup time=350msec, other
parameters like in previous example.
25

NOKIA

FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN

De lay Gain [%]

Control Plane Gains for Packet

Services (II)
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0

Page Size
[kbits]

23
46
105
296
32

64

128

256

384

Radio Channel Capacity [kbps]

Note that the above gains are found within

Control Plane alone
In general, the gain is between 10 and 30%.
Gain is highest for small files and high bit rates
For most common file sizes and user bit rates,
the gain is about 20 - 25%
26

NOKIA

FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN

Combined User Plane and Control

Plane Gains
The combined User and Control plane results for Gain
expressed in in terms of delay gains: -> DELAY REDUCTION UP
TO 40 %

Delay Gain [%]

50
40

Page size [kbits]

30

23

20

46
105

10

296

0
32

64

128

256

384

Radio Channel Capacity [kbps]

27

NOKIA

FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN

Other gains expected from

optimization of RRM algorithm
Reasons:

Measurements
UE (High
and from
IP BTS
are available
Note that from
HSDPA
Speed
Packet
Access)

is

in thegoing
samein
node
the same direction as All-IP RAN:
RRM algorithms are preferably located as close as
possible to the radio
Proprietary
HSDPA
moved
to Node B
BTSscheduling
measurement
are available
for new
optimized
RRM algorithms
and capacity
enhancing
However,
solution more
complex
as scheduling
features (no
need of
3GPP Iubare
standardization)
for other
channels
kept in the RNC.

Example:

that an RAN
enhanced
algorithm need this
a new
All-IP
overcomes
measurement in the BTS.
In IP RAN,
problem!
we implement it without waiting for 3GPP.
Imagine
In

UTRAN, this measurement needs to be

standardised on the Iub interface, meaning that we
need to merge our proposal with the opinions from
other companies.

28

NOKIA

FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN

Conclusions
Users experience better service in All-IP
RAN for packet data, with delay for the
transmission of a packet reduced up to
40%
Reduced code allocation time.
Potential optimization of RRM algorithm
without the burden of using the predefined
Iub measurement

29

NOKIA

FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN

Case; transport comparision

30

NOKIA

FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN

Input parameters
Name
Voice
Streaming
WWW
FTP
E-Mail

Type
RT 12.2kbps
RT 64kbps
NRT
NRT
NRT

UMTS Traffic
Number of Connections
Class
New Basic NRT Extreme RT Extreme
Conversational
18
12
24
Streaming
6
0
18
Interactive
6
12
6
Background
6
12
0
Background
6
12
6

IP Router Buffer Sizes:

Leaf BTS, 30 kbytes (leaf means last BTS in the tree topology)
Other BTSs, 100 kbytes

31

NOKIA

FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN

IP RAN

DS

40% SHO OH for RT traffic only

IPv6
transport UDP/IP compressed
MDC in first starpoint

Rt_Core

DS

27.66 Mbps

30.04 Mbps

Rt_D2

DS
Rt_A1

1.92 Mbps

2.05 Mbps
DS

2.21 Mbps
Rt_A

DS
Rt_A2

DS

DS
2.05 Mbps
Rt_D1

Rt_D

DS
Rt_B1

DS

21.67 Mbps

Rt_E4
23.93 Mbps

2.05 Mbps

2.05 Mbps
DS

DS

Rt_B
2.05 Mbps
DS
Rt_B2

2.05 Mbps

DS
2.05 Mbps

Rt_E1
8.61 Mbps

2.05 Mbps

4.70 Mbps

DS

2.23 Mbps
9.00 Mbps

Rt_E2
Rt_G

Rt_B3
DS

2.05 Mbps
Rt_C

2.05 Mbps

DS

2.05 Mbps
Rt_F

Rt_C3

2.19 Mbps

2.05 Mbps

DS

FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN

DS

Rt_C2
Rt_C1

Rt_F2

DS

DS

NOKIA

Rt_F3

2.04 Mbps

2.22 Mbps

Rt_B5

32

DS

DS

DS
DS

Rt_E

DS

2.07 Mbps
DS

Rt_B4

Rt_E3

2.05 Mbps

DS

Rt_G1

DS
Rt_F1

RAN 1

40% SHO OH for RT and NRT traffic

No Stat Mux gain
42,6Mbps
No centralised AAL2

46,86Mbps

4,26Mbps

4,26Mbps
4,26Mbps
4,26Mbps

4,26Mbps

38,34Mbps

34,08Mbps

4,26Mbps

4,26Mbps

4,26Mbps
4,26Mbps

12,78Mbps

4,26Mbps
4,26Mbps

4,26Mbps

8,52Mbps

4,26Mbps
4,26Mbps

NOKIA

FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN

12,78Mbps
4,26Mbps

4,26Mbps

4,26Mbps

33

4,26Mbps

4,26Mbps
4,26Mbps

RAN 2

40% SHO OH for RT traffic only

Centralised AAL2

34.54Mbps

31.4Mbps
3,14Mbps

3,14Mbps
3,14Mbps
3,14Mbps

3, 14Mbps

28.26Mbps

25,12Mbps

3,14Mbps

3,14Mbps

3,14Mbps
3,14Mbps

9,42Mbps

3,14Mbps
3,14Mbps

3,14Mbps

6,28Mbps

3,14Mbps
3,14Mbps

NOKIA

FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN

9,42Mbps
3,14Mbps

3,14Mbps

3,14Mbps

34

3,14Mbps

3,14Mbps
3,14Mbps

Comparison
RAN2 with centralised AAL2 compared with RAN 1 saves 15% - 30% in capacity
15% is here refered to modest and 40% aggressive case of saving with Centralised
AAL2 of RAN2
Additional saving of RAN2 compared with RAN1 is the NRT traffic not having SHO OH

Comparison
against RAN1

Comparison
against RAN2 ( 15 % )

35

NOKIA

FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN

RAN1
IPv6 RAN

Leaf BTS Savings Savings

[Mbps]
[% ]
capacity
4.26
2.08
2.18
51%

RAN2 modest
IPv6 RAN

Leaf BTS Savings Savings

[Mbps]
[% ]
capacity
3.14
2.08
1.06
34%

Common Radio Resource

Management

36

NOKIA

FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN

Common Radio Resource

Management (CRRM)
GSM/EDGE
GSM/EDGE
Seamless
Macro
WCDMA
WCDMA
integration of
GSM
GSM
GSM
GSM
radio
Micro
WCDMA
WCDMA
WCDMA
WCDMA
technologies to
GSM/EDGE
GSM/EDGE
ensure
multi-mode
WLAN
WCDMA
Pico
WLAN
WCDMA
terminal
TDD
optimum end
TDD
user
Better
capacity & quality level
performance
Offer
higher user bit rates and lower blocking
and
resource
usage load sharing and congestion control
Enable
Distribute interference
Enable multivendor RRM interoperability
Easier operability
Simple interworking in multi-vendor / multi-system
environment
37

NOKIA

FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN

CRRM Interfaces & Function

Nokia CRRM can connect to many different radio interface
technologies
CRRM
New standardisation
is needed for an open multivendor
server
CRRM interface RNC
CRRM

IP-RAN
IP-RAN

WCDMA
WCDMA

Other..
Other..
TDD,
TDD, WLAN,..
WLAN,..

GSM/EDGE
GSM/EDGE
BSC

xRAN

xRAN

Cell Loads & QoS

Set HO Parameters
Handover Candidates

CRRM

Prioritized List

CRRM acts as an advisor to each system when making

decisions
CRRM server is also the platform for other functions eg.

38

Setting idle mode parameters

Fast auto tuning

NOKIA

FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN

CRRM Simulation Results Summary

QoS
QoSclass
class

Capacity
Capacitygain
gain
with
2
layers
with 2 layers

Conversation
Conversation
Streaming
Streaming

No
Nogain
gain

Capacity
Capacitygain
gainReason for the CRRM gain
Reason for the CRRM gain
with
4
layers
with 4 layers
32
32kbps
kbps3%
3% Timers
Timersare
areneeded
neededto
toprevent
prevent
144
kbps
10%
ping-pong
(and
also
useful
144 kbps 10% ping-pong (and also useful
384
384kbps
kbps30%
30% handovers)
handovers)without
withoutCRRM
CRRM

40%-100%
70%-140%
40%-100%depending
depending
70%-140%depending
depending
Interactive
Interactive
on
the
required
delay
on
the
required
No
on the required delay
on the requireddelay
delay
Noload
loadreason
reasoninter-system
inter-system
cell
cellreselections
reselectionsassumed
assumed
without
Less
withoutCRRM
CRRM
Lessgain
gainthan
thanwith
withinteractive
interactive
Background
Background
ififno
nodelay
delayisisguaranteed
guaranteed
CRRM is most important
for interactive connections
for high bit rate (>32 kbps) conversational and streaming connections
when large number of layers and systems are integrated
Note: these gains are fairly ideal gains assuming no delays in signaling etc.
With proper CRRM algorithms most of these gains can be obtained in
practice

39

NOKIA

FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN