QOL of Senior citizen in

Singapore
(Comparative study between
Nagoya and Singapore)

Background

Singapore population as of 2014: 5,469,724

Total Residents: 3,870,739
Residents above 65: 431601
431601/3,870,739= 11%

Total Land Area: 718.3km2

Population Density: 7,615 people/km

Nagoya land area: 326.4km

Population : 226.4 (2010 )
Population density: 6,944 people/ km

Background (Amenity)
81.9% of Singapore resident In HDB

1&2 Room(35m2/45m2) 5.0%

3 room(65m2) 19%
4 room(90m2) 32.6%
5 room(110m2) 25.1%

Amenity contd

86% of the elderly lives with children and this mean the elderly
highlited in the red box have a higher chance of living alone (data

Background (accessibility)
Singapore Land transport Vision
Singapore will be an inclusive elder-friendly place, one that
allows older persons to integrate with the wider community
and lead active lives. Starting from the home, flats and
buildings will be elder-friendly. Coming out of their homes, the
built environment and transport system will be barrier-free.
They will afford seniors a safe and unhindered travel passage;
via accessible lifts, walkways and transport pick-up points,
complemented by a user-friendly transportation system to
their destinations

Background(Traffic Report)

Fatalities involving two vulnerable road user groups namely motorcyclists and their pillion
riders, as well as pedestrians declined in 2012. The number of fatalities involving motorcyclists
and their pillion riders fell from 99 persons in 2011 to 76 persons in 2012, while total pedestrian
fatalities dropped from 49 in 2011 to 44 in 2012, with the number of elderly fatalities showing a
decrease from 26 in 2011 to 23 in 2012.
Countries car-crash deaths per 100,000 people per year, with the lowest car crash fatality rates
170. Singapore 6
178. Japan 5

Problem Faced
Singapore is one of the most rapidly ageing country
in the world. By year 2030, 20% of Singapore citizen
will be over 65 years old and it is infamously quoted
as the silver tsunami
Problems like pension, medical,
finance, social will arise.
How about the QOL of the 20%
Citizen?

QOL Formulation

Consist of amenity, accessibility and security.

However, Singapore faces no natural disaster and the crime
rate is one of the lowest in the world (a record of 80 days
with report on theft and 2nd lowest murder rate in the world)
The accessibility and amenity are consider above average
But the QOL of Singaporean is low, only 46% agree they are
happy. (Singapore's wealthy population is the
unhappiest, or least positive, in the world, less happy than
people in Iraq, Haiti, Afghanistan and Syria. )
I propose a new element to be added for the calculation of
senior citizen and that will be:

Enhancing virtues added to their daily life

Active Aging
2012, More facilities to help seniors age-in-place
(a) Senior Activity Centres (SACs)
MCYS will be developing 56 new Senior Activity Centres by 2016. Of the 56 centres, 45 will be
set up in Ang Mo Kio, Bedok, Bukit Batok, Bukit Merah, Bukit Panjang, Bukit Timah, Choa Chu
Kang, Geylang, Hougang, Jurong West, Kallang, Pasir Ris, Punggol, Queenstown, Sengkang,
Novena, Tampines, Toa Payoh, Woodlands and Yishun.
Seniors can visit these centres to make friends and engage in regular social activities. They
may also receive social support, especially if they are living alone. SACs will largely be sited at
rental blocks or studio apartments. They will be operated by VWOs or commercial operators.
(b) Senior Care Centres (SCCs)
MCYS will be developing 39 new Senior Care Centres by 2016 to meet increasing demand for
aged care in the community. The location of 21 of these centres have been confirmed to be in
Bedok, Bukit Batok, Bukit Merah, Geylang, Hougang, Jurong West, Kallang, Pasir Ris, Punggol,
Queenstown, Sengkang, Serangoon, Tampines, Toa Payoh, Woodlands, Yishun.
Senior Care Centres, formerly known as Integrated Day Facilities, will provide day care,
dementia day care, day rehabilitation services and basic nursing services. Families can drop off
their aged parents at the Centres during the day and have the peace of mind to focus on their
work, knowing their parents are being cared for.
The Centres will, over time, also offer personal care services at the homes of the seniors,
including personal hygiene, laundry and meal services. Today, service providers send care
workers directly to the homes of seniors, from their main office. In future, Senior Care Centres
may serve as staging points for the delivery of home care services. This should raise efficiency
in service delivery.

QOL
The amount of hours added to the daily life of
the senior citizen, or, how the senior citizen can
re contribute to the community with their
knowledge should be added to the new
formulation of QOL.
Singapore is restricted by land, therefore, senior
town nor senior community is not a realistic
option. Singapore have to accumulate the
increment of senior citizen inside our heartland
and achieve good equilbrium.

Lesson from Japan

In 2005, Japans population declined for the first time since
1945. The proportion of persons aged over 65 rose to 21%; it
is estimated to rise further to 35.7% by 2050. Its Total Fertility
Rate (TFR) has fallen to a record low of 1.25. Despite this,
Japan remains focused on raising TFR and is reluctant to open
its borders to immigrants, for fear of their impact on its
homogeneous society. Foreign residents account for only
about 1.2% of Japans population as at end 2005.

Appendix

Table A1.1 Population, 1871 2014 Year As at end-June Annual Growth Rate2 Population Density3 (Per Sq Km) Sex Ratio4 (Males Per 1,000 Females)
Total Population Resident Population Total Population Resident Population
Number Per Cent
18711 97,111 .. .. .. .. 3,266 ..
18811 137,755 .. 3.6 .. .. 3,089 ..
18911 181,612 .. 2.8 .. .. 3,209 ..
19011 227,592 .. 2.3 .. 391 2,951 ..
19111 303,321 .. 2.9 .. 522 2,453 28.5
19211 418,358 .. 3.3 .. 719 2,044 28.1
19311 557,745 .. 2.9 .. 959 1,713 26.2
19471 938,144 .. 3.3 .. 1,613 1,217 22.7
19571 1,445,929 .. 4.4 .. 2,486 1,117 18.8
19701 2,074,507 2,013,563 2.8 .. 3,538 1,049 19.5
19801 2,413,945 2,282,125 1.5 1.3 3,907 1,032 24.4
1981 2,532,835 2,324,403 4.9 1.9 4,099 1,031 24.9
1982 2,646,466 2,365,707 4.5 1.8 4,282 1,030 25.5
1983 2,681,061 2,406,165 1.3 1.7 4,338 1,029 26.1
1984 2,732,221 2,443,705 1.9 1.6 4,405 1,029 26.7
1985 2,735,957 2,482,615 0.1 1.6 4,409 1,028 27.2
1986 2,733,373 2,518,598 -0.1 1.4 4,397 1,028 27.8
1987 2,774,789 2,553,864 1.5 1.4 4,457 1,027 28.3
1988 2,846,108 2,598,458 2.6 1.7 4,549 1,027 28.8
1989 2,930,901 2,647,627 3.0 1.9 4,679 1,027 29.3
19901 3,047,132 2,735,868 2.95 2.25 4,814 1,027 29.8
1991 3,135,083 2,794,704 2.9 2.2 4,905 1,025 30.2
1992 3,230,698 2,849,754 3.0 2.0 5,040 1,020 30.6
1993 3,313,471 2,904,547 2.6 1.9 5,166 1,017 31.0
1994 3,419,048 2,959,350 3.2 1.9 5,292 1,013 31.5
1995 3,524,506 3,013,515 3.1 1.8 5,443 1,010 31.9
1996 3,670,704 3,068,132 4.1 1.8 5,669 1,008 32.3
1997 3,796,038 3,123,403 3.4 1.8 5,860 1,005 32.7
1998 3,927,213 3,180,018 3.5 1.8 6,060 1,002 33.1
1999 3,958,723 3,229,681 0.8 1.6 5,999 1,000 33.6
20001 4,027,887 3,273,363 1.7 1.4 5,900 998 34.0
2001 4,138,012 3,325,902 2.7 1.6 6,065 995 34.4
2002 4,175,950 3,382,944 0.9 1.7 6,078 992 34.7
2003 4,114,826 3,366,891 0.26 1.66 5,939 988 35.0
2004 4,166,664 3,413,266 1.3 1.4 5,987 986 35.4
2005 4,265,762 3,467,814 2.4 1.6 6,121 985 35.8
2006 4,401,365 3,525,894 3.2 1.7 6,298 983 36.1
2007 4,588,599 3,583,082 4.3 1.6 6,552 982 36.4
2008 4,839,396 3,642,659 5.5 1.7 6,846 980 36.7
2009 4,987,573 3,733,876 3.1 2.5 7,025 976 36.9
20101 5,076,732 3,771,721 1.8 1.0 7,146 974 37.4
2011 5,183,688 3,789,251 2.1 0.5 7,273 972 38.0
2012 5,312,437 3,818,205 2.5 0.8 7,429 970 38.4
2013 5,399,162 3,844,751 1.6 0.7 7,540 968 38.9
2014 5,469,724 3,870,739 1.3 0.7 7,615 967 39.3

Median Age4 (Years)

19211
418,358
..
3.3
..
719 2,044 28.1
19311
557,745
..
2.9
..
959 1,713 26.2
19471
938,144
..
3.3
..
1,613 1,217 22.7
19571
1,445,929 ..
4.4
..
2,486 1,117 18.8
19701
2,074,507 2,013,563 2.8
..
3,538 1,049 19.5
19801
2,413,945 2,282,125 1.5
1.3
3,907 1,032 24.4
1981 2,532,835 2,324,403 4.9
1.9
4,099 1,031 24.9
1982 2,646,466 2,365,707 4.5
1.8
4,282 1,030 25.5
1983 2,681,061 2,406,165 1.3
1.7
4,338 1,029 26.1
1984 2,732,221 2,443,705 1.9
1.6
4,405 1,029 26.7
1985 2,735,957 2,482,615 0.1
1.6
4,409 1,028 27.2
1986 2,733,373 2,518,598 -0.1 1.4
4,397 1,028 27.8
1987 2,774,789 2,553,864 1.5
1.4
4,457 1,027 28.3
1988 2,846,108 2,598,458 2.6
1.7
4,549 1,027 28.8
1989 2,930,901 2,647,627 3.0
1.9
4,679 1,027 29.3
19901
3,047,132 2,735,868 2.95 2.25 4,814 1,027 29.8
1991 3,135,083 2,794,704 2.9
2.2
4,905 1,025 30.2
1992 3,230,698 2,849,754 3.0
2.0
5,040 1,020 30.6
1993 3,313,471 2,904,547 2.6
1.9
5,166 1,017 31.0
1994 3,419,048 2,959,350 3.2
1.9
5,292 1,013 31.5
1995 3,524,506 3,013,515 3.1
1.8
5,443 1,010 31.9
1996 3,670,704 3,068,132 4.1
1.8
5,669 1,008 32.3
1997 3,796,038 3,123,403 3.4
1.8
5,860 1,005 32.7
1998 3,927,213 3,180,018 3.5
1.8
6,060 1,002 33.1
1999 3,958,723 3,229,681 0.8
1.6
5,999 1,000 33.6
20001
4,027,887 3,273,363 1.7
1.4
5,900 998 34.0
2001 4,138,012 3,325,902 2.7
1.6
6,065 995 34.4
2002 4,175,950 3,382,944 0.9
1.7
6,078 992 34.7
2003 4,114,826 3,366,891 0.26 1.66 5,939 988 35.0
2004 4,166,664 3,413,266 1.3
1.4
5,987 986 35.4
2005 4,265,762 3,467,814 2.4
1.6
6,121 985 35.8
2006 4,401,365 3,525,894 3.2
1.7
6,298 983 36.1
2007 4,588,599 3,583,082 4.3
1.6
6,552 982 36.4
2008 4,839,396 3,642,659 5.5
1.7
6,846 980 36.7
2009 4,987,573 3,733,876 3.1
2.5
7,025 976 36.9
20101
5,076,732 3,771,721 1.8
1.0
7,146 974 37.4
2011 5,183,688 3,789,251 2.1
0.5
7,273 972 38.0
2012 5,312,437 3,818,205 2.5
0.8
7,429 970 38.4
2013 5,399,162 3,844,751 1.6
0.7
7,540 968 38.9
2014 5,469,724 3,870,739 1.3
0.7
7,615 967 39.3