Approaches to teaching

reading
SIGHT WORD
LANGUAGE EXPERIENCE
PHONICS
Presented by: Tiong Ing King, Kelvin Yew Kai Wen, Jenny
Wong Xue Wen

SIGHT WORD

Sight Word is:

Words that the students should be
able to recognise without having to
decode.
Also known as High Frequency
Words.

Strategies for teaching Sight

Word

Teach with pictures

Teach through repetition
Use the Multisensory Approach
Games
Music

Teach with Pictures

Add picture to a word when
presenting the word help the
students to connect the words with
objects memories
In classroom, teacher can paste
colourful posters around the wall with
correlating to the words.

Repetition
Request the students to read, write
and draw the new word sight daily.
Create a word wall as a reference for
students to refer when writing and
reading.
Repetition will help embed the words
into childs memory.

How to use word wall?

Make the words accessible by putting them
where the students can see
Put the words that students commonly use, try
to add gradually. Guideline for teacher, 5 words
per week
Use word wall daily to practice words, through
games, writing and etc.
Have a enough reading practise like reading and
spelling the words daily.
Always ask the students to refer to word wall
when it is necessary.

Use Multiple Sensory

Approach
The multisensory approach helps
students learn site words by using a
variety of their senses: visual,
auditory, kinaesthetic or tactile.
Example
Sand Writing
Clay letters
Magnetic letters

Games
Games are fun, interesting and involve students actively
in learning
Examples:
Word Walk Write sight words on big index cards and
place them in a line on the floor. The goal is for students
to read each word. The can only move forward if they
get the word correct. If they make it to the end they win.
Sight Word Treasure Hunt Hide sight words around
the classroom and have students go on a treasure hunt
to find them. They must be able to say the word in order
to collect the word.

Music
Music makes memorising easier.
Try to make the word sight into a
song and ask the students to practise
everyday.

Language Experience
Approach (LEA)

What I can say, I can write. What I

can write, I can read. I can read what I
write and what other people can write
for me to read.
Roach Van Allen

Introduction

Promote reading and writing through

the use of personal experience and oral
language.
Combine all four skills.
Students connect real life experience
with learning written words.

2 Variations of
LEA
The personal
experience

The group
experience

Personal Experience
1.

2.
3.
4.

5.

6.

Begin with a conversation of a topic a

learner is interested in.
Learner give an oral account.
Teacher transcribes the speech.
Teacher helps the leaner expand the
account by asking question.
Transcription should be on minimum
corrections on grammar or vocabulary.
Corrections can be made during
revising and editing stages.

The Group Experience

1.

2.
3.

4.

5.

Choose a prompt or activity that can be

discussed and written up in some form.
Organise the activity.
Conduct the acitivity in the classroom or in
the community. Teacher can narrate it as it
unfolds.
Discuss the experience. The teacher can
stimulate the discussion by asking questions.
Develop a written account

The Group Experience

6.

7.

8.

The teacher or a learner read the

account aloud.
Formal correction is made at revising
and editing stages.
Extending the experience by carrying
out some activities based on the
written text:
Comprehension questions
Rewrite the scrambled sentences
Fill in the blanks.

Features

Materials are learner-generated.

All communication skills are integrated.
Difficulty of vocabulary and grammar
are determined by learners own
language use.
Learning and teaching are personalised,
communicative and creative.
Focus on the content rather than the
form.
Positive relationship between the
teacher and the learner.

Phonics

Whats phonics approach?

Phonics is the relationship between letters
and sounds.
Students who learn phonics early do better
in reading (Hoffman, 2014).
*explicit instruction and guide practice

Types of phonics instructional

methods and approaches
Analogy phonics
Analytic phonics
Embedded phonics
Phonics through spelling
Synthetic phonics

1. Analogy phonics
Teach unfamiliar words by analogy to
known words
(recognize the rime blend the rime with
the onset)
Eg: -ick- brick analogy to kick

2. Analytic phonics
To analyse sounds and letters
Avoid pronouncing sounds in isolation

3. Embedded phonics
Teach phonic skills by embedding phonics
instruction
(relationship between letters and sounds)

4. Phonics through spelling

Learns to segment words into phonemes
Make words by writing letters for
phonemes

5. Synthetic phonics
Convert letters into sounds
Blend the sounds to form letters

Discussion
The goals of phonic instructions is to
provide children with knowledge and skills.
Students need phonemic awareness.
English has many irregularities.
Students might face some words that they
never heard before.