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Communication
By :
Beverly Britto
Dwayne Coelho
What is animal
communication?
Why is communication
needed?
Attracts (especially
mates)
repel (especially
competitors or
enemies)
signal aggression
or submission
advertise species
warn of
predators
Types Of Animal
Communication
1.Chemical signals (used by some very simple
creatures, including protozoa) using pheromones
2.Touch
3.Visual signals (eg. feathers)
4.Sound (Olfactory)
Chemical
signals
Touch
Although perhaps not as important or widespread as sound,
scent or sight, a number of animals make use of touch in order to
communicate their feelings to other of their kind.
Examples
1. Apes and monkeys will also hug and 'kiss' on meeting,
although in certain species of monkey the visiting or newly
arrived monkey will place its hand in the mouth of the
monkey it is greeting. After a few moments the hand is
withdrawn and the other monkey will place its hand in the
mouth of the visitor. This appears to be a sign of trust and
goodwill between monkeys.
2. Big cats tend to nuzzle each other, as do rhinos and many
Visual Signals
Visual signals may take the form of gestures and display, facial grimaces,
body posture or mimicry. The extravagant display of the peacock or lyre bird
can make the strutting of a wood pigeon seem ineffective and yet each
species has its own way of using visual communication to the best
advantage.
1. Gestures : The attitude of the tail when two wolves meet will indicate
which of the two is
the superior.
2. Display : The male rabbit will use the white underside of its tail to attract
the attention of a female
3. Facial grimaces : The frown of a rhesus monkey is a clear sign of unease,
whereas the raised eyebrow and fluttering eyelid denotes friendship or
pleasure.
4. Body posture : The bee repeatedly walks in a figure 8 motion while
shaking its abdomen. The direction and waggle duration corresponds to
the direction and distance to the food from the hive.
5. Mimicry : Many caterpillars through their coloration take on the
Sound (Olfactory)
If the olfactory signs are the most common form of
communication among animals the acoustic signals must surely
be the next in line, as animals of all kinds rely to a great extent
on their hearing ability in order to succeed and survive.
Examples
1. Among mammals, generally speaking, small animals
squeak (eg. Hamsters) and large ones rumble (eg.
Elephants). The reason for this is that the smaller the
animal's head, the higher the frequency of sound it can
receive and transmit.
2. Grasshoppers and crickets create sound by 'fiddling' - a
process which consists of rubbing the hind legs over the
ribs of the forewings.
3. The rattlesnake gives a distinctly audible and sinister
SOCIAL
BEHAVIOUR
ut
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The mor
illa,
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t
f
o
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the dignit
t to
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a
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the mo
le. Dian
1980s Rwanda
Aim :
1. Opposition to poaching
2. Opposition to tourism
3. Preservation of habitat
She lived among the mountain gorillas for nearly 20 years
keeping detailed journals to record everything she observed,
and forging close relationships with individual gorillas as she
gained their trust. She shared her thoughts and the results of
her findings with the world, teaching us that gorillas are not
monsters but social beings full of curiosity and affection.
She found that imitating their behavior towards each other,
she was partly expected into the group. She was also able to
work out the meaning of their communication skills and she
was the first person to understand how the gorilla society
Jane Goodalls
Research
What she discovered:
1. She witnessed a creature, other than a
human, in the act not just of using a tool
but of making one
2. They experienced adolescence, developed
powerful mother-and-child bonds, and
used political chicanery to get what they
wanted. They also made war, wiping out
members of their own species with almost
genocidal brutality on one occasion that
THE END