2.

1 Functions and
their Graphs
p. 67

Assignment
Pp. 71-72 #5-48 all

Relations
A relation is a mapping, or pairing, of
input values with output values.
The set of input values is called the
domain.
The set of output values is called the
range.
A relation as a function provided
there is exactly one output for each
input.
It is NOT a function if at least one
input has more than one output

Identify the Domain and Range. Then

tell if the relation is a function.
Input

Output

-3

-2

1
4

Domain = {-3, 1,4}

Range = {3,-2,1,4}

Notice the set notation!!!

Function?
No: input 1 is mapped onto
Both -2 & 1

Identify the Domain and Range. Then

tell if the relation is a function.
Input

Output

-3

-2

Domain = {-3, 1,3,4}

Range = {3,1,-2}

Function?
Yes: each input is mapped
onto exactly one output

A Relation can be represented by a

set of ordered pairs of the form (x,y)
Quadrant II
X<0, y>0

Quadrant I
X>0, y>0

Origin (0,0)

Quadrant III
X<0, y<0

Quadrant IV
X>0, y<0

Graphing Relations
To graph the relation in the
previous example:
Write as ordered pairs
(-3,3), (1,-2), (1,1), (4,4)
Plot the points

(-3,3)

(4,4)
(1,1)
(1,-2)

Same with the points (-3,3),

(1,1), (3,1), (4,-2)

(-3,3)
(1,1)

(3,1)

(4,-2)

Vertical Line Test

You can use the vertical line test to visually
determine if a relation is a function.
Slide any vertical line (pencil) across the
graph to see if any two points lie on the same
vertical line.
If there are not two points on the same
vertical line then the relation is a function.
If there are two points on the same vertical
line then the relation is NOT a function

Use the vertical line test to visually check if the

relation is a function.

(-3,3)

(4,4)
(1,1)
(1,-2)

Function?
No, Two points are on
The same vertical line.

Use the vertical line test to visually check if the

relation is a function.

(-3,3)
(1,1)

(3,1)

(4,-2)
Function?
Yes, no two points are
on the same vertical line

Graphing and Evaluating Functions

Many functions can be represented by an
equation in 2 variables: y=2x-7
An ordered pair is a solution if the
equation is true when the values of x & y
are substituted into the equation.
Ex: (2,-3) is a solution of y=2x-7 because:
-3 = 2(2) 7
-3 = 4 7
-3 = -3

 In an equation, the input variable is called

the independent variable.
The output variable is called the
dependent variable and depends on the
value of the input variable.
In y=2x-7 .. X is the independent var.
Y is the dependant var.
The graph of an equation in 2 variables is
the collection of all points (x,y) whose
coordinates are solutions of the equation.

Graphing an equation in 2 variables

1. Construct a table of
values
2. Graph enough solutions
to recognize a pattern
3. Connect the points with a
line or curve

Graph: y = x + 1
Step
3:
Step2:
Step 1
Table of values

Function Notation
By naming the function f you can write
the function notation:

f(x) = mx + b
the value of f at x
f of x
f(x) is another name for y (grown up
name)
You can use other letters for f, like g or h

Decide if the function is linear. Then

evaluate for x = -2

f(x) = -x2 3x + 5
Not linear.
f(-2) = -(-2)2 3(-2) + 5
f(-2) = 7

g(x) = 2x + 6
Is linear because x is to the first power
g(-2) = 2(-2) + 6
g(-2) = 2
The domain for both is..
All reals

Assignment