CE4103 DESIGN PROJECT

DESIGN OF DEEPWATER DRY TREE SYSTEM

COMPLIANT TOWER

CE4103 DESIGN PROJECT

DESIGN OF DEEPWATER DRY TREE SYSTEM COMPLIANT TOWER

Table of Content

Introduction

Initial Design V0

Foundation modelled
Current results

Second Amendment V2

Typical sizes for all members

Design loads for foundation

First Amendment V1

Design Parameters

Further improvements to be done

Foundation Design

Design Parameters

MicroSAS inputs
Calculation

Introduction

Location: North West Austalia

Met-ocean Conditions:

5 tropical storms
10,000 year wind and wave profiles
100 year current

Introduction

Wave profile

Introduction

Wave profile

Introduction

Soil profiles

0-20m: Debris
Below 20m: Calcareous soil

Introduction

Deck

Integrated deck + Hook load + Topside variable = 9000T

Evenly spread among 4 connections with top jacket

Conductors

6x366
6000T pretension in total
Assumed fixed connection with sea bed
Assumed laterally constrained at intervals

Design Stage
MicroSAS 2.0
Initial Design V0
First Amendment V1
Second Amendment V2

Design Stage Initial Design V0

MicroSAS 2.0

Dimension of Tower
Width of Tower (Theoretical Method)
Total force acting on each Pile (F(acting)) = P/12 + M/6L
Total allowable force on each pile (F(allowable)) = 0.6 x 345 x A
F allowable > F acting
0.6 x 345 x 106 x 0.02542 x ( x 30 x 30 x 28 x 28)
> 340 x 106 / 12 + 6 x 109 / 6 / L
48.668 X 106 > 28.333 x 106 + 6 x 109 / 6 / L
L > 49. 17 m

Design Stage Initial Design V0

MicroSAS 2.0

Dimension of Tower
Width of Tower (Patent #5480266 for higher
payload)
D / (Width) > 12
D = 900 m
Width > 75 m

Width of Tower (Average) = 65 m

Design Stage Initial Design V0

MicroSAS 2.0

Dimension of Tower
Height of the Tower

At least 5 m above the water line

907 m excluding the deck height.

Design Stage Initial Design V0

MicroSAS 2.0

Initial Design V0
Height: 907m
Base dimension: 65x65m
Top dimension: 40x40m
Mass: 32,600T
Top Jacket: 12,700T, 485m
Bottom Jacket: 19,900T, 420m

Design Stage Initial Design V0

MicroSAS 2.0

Jacket Design
2 sections
Transportation purpose
(barge size constraint)
Shorter bottom sections
Equal distribution of
weight
Parallel legs for
compliance
Tapered top to
accommodate smaller
deck size

485m
420m

Flex Piles

Design Stage Initial Design V0

MicroSAS 2.0

Flexible Piles Design

385m
Stopped before jacket
connections
For integrity of flexible
piles
Max length for best
compliance
Avoid dense connections
at jacket connections

385m

Flex Piles

Design Stage Initial Design V0

MicroSAS 2.0
Typical flexible piles sizes
60x2
Flexible piles size Design
Minimum crosssectional area for
compliance
1 size used for integrity
and ease of
construction

Design Stage Initial Design V0

MicroSAS 2.0

Module Design
As cubicle as possible
to optimise axial and
shear strength of cross
members
10 of 70m full modules
1 of 65m tapered top
module
4 of 35m half modules
To increase strength for
connections
Connections at hardpoint of legs
Typical braces arrangement

Design Stage Initial Design V0

MicroSAS 2.0

Horizontal Bracing Layout

Symmetrical horizontal
K-bracings to minimise
eccentricity
Additional load-out and
transportation
reinforcements

Design Stage Initial Design V0

MicroSAS 2.0

Typical horizontal braces

sizes
36x1.125
30x0.75

Design Stage Initial Design V0

MicroSAS 2.0

Legs Design
Tower supported in midsection by flexible piles
Smaller members on
top and bottom
Bigger members in the
mid-section

Design Stage Initial Design V0

MicroSAS 2.0

Typical legs sizes

66x1.625
72x1.875
84x2.125
96x2.5
108x2.75
96x2.5
84x2.125
72x1.875

Design Stage Initial Design V0

MicroSAS 2.0

Results of the Initial Design

Sway mode : 26.1 sec
Need to increase to >30 sec
Bending mode : 5.4 sec
<6 sec
OK
Diagrams magnified 100 times

Sway mode

Bending mode

Design Stage Initial Design V0

MicroSAS 2.0

Foundation Design initial parameters

Maximum tension exerted on the foundation is
exerted due to the wave heading 045 (maximum
bending moment) : 10550 kN
Maximum compression exerted on the
foundation is exerted due to the wave heading
045 (maximum bending moment) : 83010 kN
Maximum tension and compression force are
occurring on members that are diagonally
spaced from each other, as expected.

Design Stage Initial Design V0

MicroSAS 2.0

Heading 000

Heading 045

Design Stage Amended Design V1

MicroSAS 2.0

First Amendment V1
Height: 907m
Base dimension: 65x65m
Top dimension: 40x40m
Mass: 36,000T (from
32,600T)
Top Jacket: 9,000T (from
12,700T)
Bottom Jacket: 27,000T
(from 19,900T)
Foundation is modelled

Design Stage Amended Design V1

MicroSAS 2.0

Jacket Design
Top jacket: 345m (from
485m)
Bottom jacket: 560m
(from 420m)
Bottom jacket lengthen to
accommodate longer
flexible piles

345m
560m

Flex Piles

Design Stage Amended Design V1

MicroSAS 2.0

Flexible Pile Design

Lengthen to increase
flexibility to increase
period of sway mode
26.1s to 30s
Natural frequency, =
(k/m)
k = EA/L
L is increased by 140 m

345m
560m

Flex Piles

Design Stage Amended Design V1

MicroSAS 2.0

Flexible Pile Design

Increase in centre to centre
spacing
Due to increase in the
pile foundation diameter
(4m to the previously
estimated 1.5m (60))
Change in pile
arrangement to minimize
moment of inertia to
conserve compliance of
tower

8m

4.5m

Design Stage Amended Design V1

MicroSAS 2.0

V1 Results
Parameter
Tension
Compression
Res. Moment
Res. Shear
Sway Period
Bend. Period

Units
kN
kN
kNm
kN
s
s

V0
10552
83015
89888
9830
26.3
5.42

V1
8078.85
89273.34
62560.53
2327.43
30
6.29

Sway mode : >30 sec (OK)

Bending mode : 6.29 sec (>6 sec)

Design Stage Amended Design V1

MicroSAS 2.0
V1 Results (Shear Force Envelope)

Design Stage Amended Design V1

MicroSAS 2.0
V1 Results (Dynamic vs Static Base Shear Time History (000))
De-amplification factor =
92.7%

Design Stage Amended Design V1

MicroSAS 2.0
V1 Results (Dynamic vs Static Base Shear Time History (045))

De-amplification factor =
91.2%

Design Stage Amended Design V1

MicroSAS 2.0
V1 Results (Base Shear Time History for heading 045 vs 000))

Design Stage Amended Design V2

MicroSAS 2.0

Further improvement to be done

Increase size of legs to increase stiffness of the
tower
Decrease bending mode period as the tower
will be less compliant
Amend the foundation design with the new
loading on each pile
Conduct joint check and check for fatigue

Design Stage
Foundation Design Loading and Soil Profile

900m
Seawater

Loadings
Integrated deck
Hook load
Topside variable
Tower
Load on single pile

5000T
1000T
3000T
36000T
89000kN

20m
Debris

Soil Profile
Shear strength, = 5-15kPa
Friction angle, = nil
Moisture content = 80%
sub = 6kN/m3

Calcareous
soil

Soil Profile
Shear strength, = 100kPa
Friction angle, = nil
Moisture content = 40%
sub = 7.5kN/m3

Design Stage
Foundation Design

900m
Seawater

Grout
20m
Debris

Calcareous
Soil

Design Stage
Foundation Design Calculations

Axial Capacity of pile

T-z, P-y and Q-z Curves
Self Weight of Pile
Capacity of Concrete Toe
Grout Bond Strength & Shear Key

Design Stage
Foundation Design Calculations
Axial Capacity of Pile

Limit End Bearing Capacity

Skin Friction
Source: P.W. Marshall (2011)

After Alba and Audibert (1999)

Design Stage
Foundation Design Calculations
Axial Capacity of Pile
Skin friction
End bearing capacity
Factor of safety
Ultimate axial capacity
Allowable axial capacity

fs < 60kPa
qb < 1MPa for (0.2 < cp < 0.3)
FS = 1.5
Qu = Qs + Qb = fsAs + qbAb
Qa = Qu/FS

Design Stage
Foundation Design Calculations

4m
6m

Design Stage
Foundation Design Calculations
Axial Capacity of Pile
Pile shaft
Pile toe diameter, Pile embeded fs (kPa) <
qb (kPa)
As (m2)
Ab (m2)
diameter, dS (m)
dB (m)
depth, z (m)
60kPa
< 1MPa

4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0

6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0

0
0
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150

28.73
28.73
33.52
35.91
38.31
40.70
43.09
45.49
47.88
50.28
52.67
55.06
57.46
59.85
60.00
60.00

0.00
0.00
251.33
376.99
502.65
628.32
753.98
879.65
1005.31
1130.97
1256.64
1382.30
1507.96
1633.63
1759.29
1884.96

0.00
0.00
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000

28.27
28.27
28.27
28.27
28.27
28.27
28.27
28.27
28.27
28.27
28.27
28.27
28.27
28.27
28.27
28.27

Qa (kN)

0.00
0.00
24465.36
27874.96
31685.69
35897.54
40510.53
45524.64
50939.88
56756.25
62973.75
69592.38
76612.14
84033.03
89221.23
94247.78

Design Stage
Foundation Design Calculations

P-y Curve
Source: Randolf (2001)

T-z Curve
Source: P.W. Marshall (2011)

Q-z Curve
Source: API Guideline for Q-z curve (2000)

Design Stage
Foundation Design MicroSAS Input

P-y Curve
Source: Randolf (2001)

T-z Curve
Source: P.W. Marshall (2011)

Q-z Curve
Source: API Guideline for Q-z curve (2000)

Design Stage
Foundation Design Calculations
Self Weight of Pile
Additional pile design load due to self-weight of piles
= -`sVs +(p- w)Vp + (c- w)Vc = -ve

The weight of removed soil = 37.7MN

The self weight of the foundation = 31.4MN
The axial applied load from the tower is used as the pile
design load
(Self-Weight correction factor = 1)
To be conservative
The self weight of piles will be considered to have no effect
on the design axial load

Design Stage
Foundation Design Calculations
Capacity of Concrete Toe
Only 20% of the loading is supported by the toe bearing
capacity 20% x (89273+31414kN) = 24137.4kN
Upper area of the concrete toe = (2)2 = 12.57m2
C40 concrete is used
Allowable load = 0.25 x 12.57 x 40000
= 251327kN > 24137.4 kN (O.K)
Capacity of Steel Piles
A345 steel is used
Cross sectional area of 1 pile = 0.939m2
Allowable load = 0.6 x 0.939 x 345000
= 194438kN > 24137.4 kN (O.K)

Design Stage
Foundation Design Calculations
Grout Bond Strength & Shear Key
900m
Seawater

Grout
20m
Debris

Calcareous
Soil

Design Stage
Foundation Design Calculations
Grout Bond Strength & Shear Key
Outer Diameter of Flex Pile (Dp): 1.524m
Outer Diameter of Insert Pile (Ds): 2.5m
Thickness of Flex Pile (tp): 50mm
Thickness of Insert Pile (t s): 40mm

400
(s) 400

Shear Key Out Standing Dimension (h): 10mm

Shear Key Spacing (s): 400mm
Width of Weld Bead (w): 20mm
10

Strength of Grout: 40MPa

Length of Grout: 20m

(h)
20 (w)

Weld Bead
Source: API Recommended Practice 2A-WSD

Design Stage
Foundation Design Calculations
Grout Bond Strength & Shear Key

Limitations

Strength of Grout

fcu

40

Sleeve Geometry

Ds/ts

Pile Geometry

Dp/tp

Grout Annulus Geometry

17.25 & 110

True

62.5

80

True

30.48

40

True

Dg/tg

8.067

7 & 45

True

Skear Key Spacing Ratio

Dp/s

3.81

2.5 & 8

True

Shear Key Ratio

h/s

0.025

0.1

True

Shear Key Shape Factor

w/h

1.5 & 3

True

fcu*h/s

5.5

True

Product of fcu and h/s

Source: API Recommended Practice 2A-WSD

Design Stage
Foundation Design Calculations
Grout Bond Strength & Shear Key

Allowable Axial Load Transfer Stress, fba(MPa)

= 0.184 MPa + 0.67*fcu(MPa)*h(mm)/s(mm)
= 0.854 MPa
10

(h)

(s)

20 (w)

Weld Bead

Allowable Applied Axial Load (MPa)

= fba*Contact Area*L = 0.5169*(1.8*)*20
= 81.78 MPa > Applied Axial Load = 73.41 MPa
Source: API Recommended Practice 2A-WSD

Design Stage
Foundation Design Calculations
Grout Bond Strength & Shear Key
900m
Seawater
20m
Debris

20

Calcareous Soil

Shear keys are circular hoops 400mm apart.