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Exact Values
Angles greater than 90o
Useful Notation & Area of a triangle
Using Area of Triangle Formula
Sine Rule Problems
Cosine Rule Problems
Mixed Problems
11 Feb 2015
Starter Questions
1. Factorise x2 - 36
2. A car depreciates at 20% each year.
How much is it worth after 4 years if it cost
15 000 initially.
3. What sin30o as a fraction.
11 Feb 2015
Exact Values
Learning Intention
1. To build on basic
trigonometry values.
Success Criteria
1. Recognise basic triangles and
exact values for sin, cos and
tan 30o, 45o, 60o .
2. Calculate exact values for
problems.
11 Feb 2015
Exact Values
Some special values of Sin, Cos and Tan are useful
left as fractions, We call these exact values
2
60
60
30
3
60
2
1
60
Exact Values
x
Sin x
Cos x
Tan x
60
90
3
2
1
3
30
45
Exact Values
Consider the square with sides 1 unit
1
1
45
1
2
45
1
Exact Values
x
Sin x
Cos x
Tan x
30
45
60
90
1
2
3
2
3
2
1
2
1
3
Exact Values
Now try Exercise 1
Ch8 (page 94)
11 Feb 2015
Starter Questions
1. Write down the Compound Interest Formula
and identify each term.
2. A house increases by 3% each year.
How much is it worth in 5 years if it cost
40 000 initially.
3. What is the exact value of sin 45o.
11 Feb 2015
Learning Intention
1. Introduce definition of
sine, cosine and tangent
over 360o using triangles
with the unity circle.
11 Feb 2015
Success Criteria
1. Find values of sine, cosine
and tangent over the range 0o
to 360o.
2. Recognise the symmetry and
equal values for sine, cosine
and tangent.
r
x
New Definitions
y-axis
y
O
P(x,y)
r
A
y
sin A
r
x-axis
x
cos A
r
tan A
y
x
11
Trigonometry
Angles over 900
Example 1
(1.2, 1.6)
1.6
sin 53
0.8
2
o
cos 53o
tan 53o
11 Feb 2015
1.2
0.6
2
1.6
1.33
1.2
Check answer
with calculator
53o
Trigonometry
Example 1
0.8
o
sin127
0.4
2
cos127 o
tan 53o
11 Feb 2015
1.8
0.9
2
0.8
0.44
1.8
Check answer
with calculator
(-1.8, 0.8)
127o
sin 45o
1) Sin 300o
- sin 60o
2) Cos 150o
-cos 45o
2) Cos 360o
cos 0o
3) Tan 135
-tan 45o
3) Tan 330
- tan 30o
-sin 45o
4) Sin 380
4) Sin 225o
5) Cos 270o
-cos 90o
5) Cos 460o
sin 20o
- cos 80o
Trigonometry
Angles over 900
11 Feb 2015
Trigonometry
Angles over 900
11 Feb 2015
(0,1)
A0
(-1,0)
180 + x
o
Tan +ve
All +ve
(1,0)
360o - xo
(0,-1)
Cos +ve
Starter Questions
1. Find the area of the triangle.
3cm
2. Factorise x - 4x + 3
2
8cm
11 Feb 2015
Area of a Triangle
Learning Intention
Success Criteria
11 Feb 2015
Labelling Triangles
In Mathematics we have a convention for labelling triangles.
A
11 Feb 2015
C
b
Small letters a, b, c refer to distances
Capital letters A, B, C refer to angles
Labelling Triangles
Have a go at labelling the following triangle.
D
11 Feb 2015
F
e
Area of a Triangle
Example 1 : Find the area of the triangle ABC.
10cm
50o
11 Feb 2015
(i)
(ii)
Calculate height BD
BD
Sin50 =
10
o
7.66cm
D
12cm
BD = 10 Sin50o = 7.66
(iii)
Area
1
Area base height
2
0.5 12 7.66 46cm 2
Area of a Triangle
Example 2 : Find the area of the triangle PQR.
12cm
40o
11 Feb 2015
(i)
(ii)
Calculate height PS
PS
Sin40 =
10
o
7.71cm
S
20cm
PS = 12 Sin40o = 7.71
(iii)
Area
1
Area base height
2
0.5 20 7.71 77.1cm 2
11 Feb 2015
Starter Questions
1. Multiply out and simplify 2( x 3) (4 x)
Learning Intention
1. To explain how to use the
Area formula for ANY
triangle.
11 Feb 2015
Success Criteria
1. Know the formula for the
area of any triangle.
2. Use formula to find area of
any triangle given two length
and angle in between.
Ao
Area = x base x height
1
A ch
2
1
A c b sin Ao
2
1
A bc sin Ao
2
Bo
Key feature
C
b
A
11 Feb 2015
1
Area= bc sin A
2
Another version
1
Area= ac sin B
2
Another version
1
Area= ab sin C
2
B
c
20cm
30o
25cm
1
Area= ab sin C
2
C
1
Area 20 25 sin 30o
2
Area 10 25 0.5 125cm 2
11 Feb 2015
E
60o
8cm
1
Area= df sin E
2
10cm
F
1
Area 8 10 sin 60o
2
Key feature
12.6cm
A =36.9cm2
23o
15cm
(2)
5.7m
71
6.2m
A =16.7m2
11 Feb 2015
Starter Questions
1. Multiply out the brackets and simplify
5(y - 5) - 7(5 - y)
2. Find the gradient and the y - intercept
3
for the line with equation y = 5x 4
3. Factorise x2 - 100
11 Feb 2015
Sine Rule
Learning Intention
1. To show how to use the
sine rule to solve REAL
LIFE problems involving
finding the length of a
side of a triangle .
11 Feb 2015
Success Criteria
1. Know how to use the sine
rule to solve REAL LIFE
problems involving lengths.
Sine Rule
Works for any Triangle
a
b
c
=
=
SinA SinB SinC
c
A
11 Feb 2015
a
C
b
SinB
CP
CP bSinA
b
aSinB bSinA
a
P
Draw CP perpendicular to BA
CP
CP aSinB
a
also SinA
aSinB
b
SinA
a
b
SinA SinB
or equivalently
a
b
c
Calculating Sides
Using The Sine Rule
Example 1 : Find the length of a in this triangle.
B
a
10m
A
41
34o
10
a
o
sin 34o
sin 41
10sin 41o
a
sin 34o
Solve for a.
10 0.656
11.74m
0.559
Calculating Sides
Using The Sine Rule
Example 2 : Find the length of d in this triangle.
D
10m
o
133
C
37o
E
d
d
10
o
sin133
sin 37 o
Solve for d.
10sin133o
d
sin 37 o
10 0.731
= 12.14m
0.602
12cm
(1)
32
72o
47o
b
93o
a = 6.7cm
11 Feb 2015
(2)
16mm
b = 21.8mm
Sine Rule
Now try Ex 6&7
Ch8 (page 103)
11 Feb 2015
Starter Questions
1. Factorise 9x - 36
2. Find the gradient and the y - intercept
3
1
for the line with equation y = - x +
4
5
3. Write down the two values of cos
1
that give you a value of
2
11 Feb 2015
Sine Rule
Learning Intention
1. To show how to use the
sine rule to solve problems
involving finding an angle
of a triangle .
11 Feb 2015
Success Criteria
1. Know how to use the sine
rule to solve problems
involving angles.
Calculating Angles
Using The Sine Rule
Example 1 :
Find the angle A
45m
38m
23o
45
38
45sin 23o
sin A
= 0.463
38
Calculating Angles
Using The Sine Rule
75m
Example 2 :
Find the angle Bo
Bo
143o
38m
75
38
o
sin143o
sin B
75sin B o 38sin143o
o
38sin143
sin B o
75
= 0.305
100o
8.9m
Ao
(2)
12.9cm Bo
14.5m
Ao = 37.2o
14o
14.7cm
Bo = 16o
Sine Rule
Now try Ex 8 & 9
Ch8 (page 106)
11 Feb 2015
Starter Questions
1. Find the gradient of the line that passes
through the points ( 1,1) and (9,9).
2. Find the gradient and the y - intercept
for the line with equation y = 1 - x
3. Factorise x2 - 64
11 Feb 2015
Cosine Rule
Learning Intention
1. To show when to use the
cosine rule to solve
problems involving finding
the length of a side of a
triangle .
11 Feb 2015
Success Criteria
1. Know when to use the cosine
rule to solve problems.
2. Solve problems that involve
finding the length of a side.
Cosine Rule
Works for any Triangle
a =b +c - 2bc cos A
2
c
A
11 Feb 2015
C
b
BP = a (b x)
2
b
b
Also: BP2 = c2 x2
a2 = b2 + c2
2
a2 (b x)2 = c2 x2
a2 (b2 2bx + x2) = c2 x2
b-x
Draw BP perpendicular to AC
a2 b2 + 2bx x2 = c2 x2
a2 = b2 + c2 2bx*
a = b + c 2bcCosA
2
Pythagoras
Pythagoras + a bit
Pythagoras - a bit
a2 > b2 + c2
3
a2 < b2 + c2
b
b2 = a2 + c2 2acCosB
c2 = a2 + b2 2abCosC
Cosine Rule
Works for any Triangle
OR
SAS
5m
43o
12m
a= L
b= 5
c = 12
Ao = 43o
Write down the Cosine Rule.
2
a2 = 52 + 122 - 2 x 5 x 12 cos 43o Substitute values to find a .
a2 =
a2 = 81.28
a = L = 9.02m
Example 2 :
12.2 m
137
17.5 m
M
Ao = 137o
(1)
78o
31cm
L = 47.5cm
(2)
M
5.2m
M = 5.05m
38o
8m
Cosine Rule
Now try Ex 11.1
Ch11 (page 142)
11 Feb 2015
Starter Questions
1. If lines have the same gradient
What is special about them.
2. Factorise x2 + 4x - 12
54o
Cosine Rule
Learning Intention
1. To show when to use the
cosine rule to solve REAL
LIFE problems involving
finding an angle of a
triangle .
11 Feb 2015
Success Criteria
1. Know when to use the cosine
rule to solve REAL LIFE
problems.
2. Solve REAL LIFE problems
that involve finding an angle
of a triangle.
Cosine Rule
Works for any Triangle
a =b +c - 2bc cos A
2
c
A
11 Feb 2015
C
b
Finding Angles
Using The Cosine Rule
Works for any Triangle
-2bc cos Ao = a2 b2 c2
2
2
2
a
c
cos Ao
2bc
b c a
cos A
2bc
o
Divide by 2 bc.
Divide top and bottom by -1
You now have a formula for
finding an angle if you know all
three sides of the triangle.
Finding Angles
Using The Cosine Rule
Works for any Triangle
a
cos Ao
2bc
a = 11 b = 9
Ao = ?
92 162 112
cos A
2 9 16
Cos Ao = 0.75
Calculate cos Ao .
Ao = 41.4o
Finding Angles
Using The Cosine Rule
Works for any Triangle
Example 2: Find the unknown
Angle in the triangle:
2
2
2
b
a
cos Ao
2bc
A o = yo
a = 26
b = 15
2
2
2
15
13
26
cos Ao
2 15 13
cosA = - 0.723
o
Ao = yo = 136.3o
Ao
10m
Ao =111.8o
7m
(2)
12.7cm
Bo
8.3cm
7.9cm
Bo = 37.3o
Cosine Rule
Now try Ex 11.2
Ch11 (page 143)
11 Feb 2015
Starter Questions
1. A washing machine is reduced by 10%
in a sale. It's sale price is 360.
What was the original price.
2. Factorise x - 7x +12
2
61o
Mixed problems
Learning Intention
1. To use our knowledge
gained so far to solve
various trigonometry
problems.
11 Feb 2015
Success Criteria
1. Be able to recognise the
correct trigonometric
formula to use to solve a
problem involving triangles.
T
10o
36.5
35o
B
145o
25o
D
15 m
Sin 35o
TB
36.5
The angle of elevation of the top of a column measured from point A, is 20o.
The angle of elevation of the top of the statue is 25o. Find the height of the
statue when the measurements are taken 50 m from its base
Angle BCA = 180 110 = 70o
Angle ATC =
65o
110o
C
70o
50
TC
53.21
21
53.
5o
20
25o
50 m
A fishing boat leaves a harbour (H) and travels due East for 40 miles to a
marker buoy (B). At B the boat turns left and sails for 24 miles to a
lighthouse (L). It then returns to harbour, a distance of 57 miles.
(a) Make a sketch of the journey.
(b) Find the bearing of the lighthouse from the harbour. (nearest degree)
57 miles
24 miles
A
40 miles
b2 c 2 a2
CosA
2bc
5302 6702 5202
CosP
2x 530x 670
P 48.7o
Bearing 180 48.7 229o
Not to Scale
670 miles
530 miles
Q
520 miles
Mixed Problems
Now try Ex 14
Ch8 (page 117)
11 Feb 2015