Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
(Permenance properties:
WA, Chemical resistance, Weathering
properties)
Dr S Soundararajan
PTC
Water absorption
Test specimen 50 x50 mm square
50 mm dia disc
3-3.2 mm thick
Def:
The percentage of water absorbed by a test
specimen at 23 c for 24 hours
Materials like nylons, cellulosics, Absorb more 2-6%
PE, PP, less <0.02%
Polar materials absorb moisture/ water.
Materials containing Oxygen, OH, COOH, NHCO..absorp moisture/ water
EFFECT OF WA
Permanence properties
Chemical Resistance of plastics
Immersion test method ASTMD 543
Specimen size : 50 x 50 mm or
Stain resistance
Resistance staining of plastics is determined
Staining agents: coffee, tea, lipstick, nail polish,
shoe polish, bevarages, medicine,
pharmaceuticals, etc
Specimen size : 50 x 50 mm or any shape and
size
Apply the staining agents as thin coating on the
surface on the specimen
Keep in oven at 50 c for 48 hrs
After washing check for residual staining
RH : 85%
TIME : 21 DAYS
Effect of physical, optical, electrical
properties were studied.
RESISTANCE TO BACTERIA
ASTM G22
SAMPLES SANDWICTHED WITH SALTS
AGAR.
BACTERIAL CELL SUSPENSION SPRAYED
TESTING AS MENTIONED BELOW
INCUBATOR Temp : 28-30 c
RH : 85%
TIME : 21 DAYS
Limitations
Chemical compositions of products
Angle exposure ( 40 C south)
Time of year of exposures, seasons , no of years
Geographic location of exposure
(warm & humid conditions are favourable)
Good water resistance like PE, PP products have
greater resistance to microbial attack unlike ppvc
(no exudation of plasticizer)
Ablation
Decomposition of FRP product when used as
nose cones for rockets and missiles.
Erosion
Destructive effect of water droplets impinging
on articles at high speeds
e.g Air screws of rotating arms, wings in air-craft
Loss of weight & depth of erosion will be
evaluated.
Irradiation effects
Astm E 1027
Application of plastics in
Nuclear plant- may degrade
During radiation cross-linking
During strerilization e.g. PP syringes
needles, PES medical trays
Accelerated weathering
Weathering properties
The major environmental factors which affect the properties
of plastics
1 Solar Radiation UV, IR, X-rays
2 micro organisms- bacteria, fungii
3 high humidity
4 ozone, oxygen
5 water; vapour, liquid or solid
6 thermal energy
7 Pollution : industrial chemicals
Sources of UV
xenon lamps
Flourescent lighting
Carbon arc lamps
Micro organisms
polymeric materials are not attacked .
Only additives are susceptible
Plasticizers,
Lubricants,
Stabilizers,
Antioxidants.
| Migrate to surface
| and act as food
|
|
Pollutants
H2S, Sulfur, from chemical industries
staining
smog and fog, dirt like
aesthetic quality decreases
Accelerated Weathering
Exposure of plastics test specimens or products cut
pieces in a chamber known
As accelerated weather-o-meter
As per Different STDs
ASTM G 53 Flourescent lamps
ASTM G 154, G155- Xenon lamps
ISO 4892
IS 14889. Flourescent
SAE 1960, 1888
Equipment Suppliers: Atlas Ci 65, Ci 5000, Quv 2000
heraeus alpha ,
55+/-5 C
63+/-3 C
Black panel Temp 80 C
RH %- 50 0r 65 in Phase I (only Light)
95%
in phase II ( Raining)
IS 14889
For woven sack photo resistance
Time 240 hrs
8 hrs uv /60 deg C Fluores light cycle
4hrs water condensation / 50 C dark
cycle
PRODUCT TESTINGS
PIPE TESTING
HDPE PIPE TESTING IS 4984
Kg/sqcm)
Designation:
Visual appearance
-free from groves, clean, smooth internal &
external surfaces & other defects
Wall thickness
Slight shallow longitudinal grooves or
irregularity in the wall thickness
permissible if wall thickness remains
within the permissible limits
Table 3 for grade 63, for each Class of PN & with Dia
nominal dia min &max & the thickness min and max
will be given
Table 4 for grade 80
Table 5 for grade 100 material
Table 6
Type test
80 c/165 hrs
Aceptance Test 80 c/48 hrs
Class 1
PE 63 2.5
PE80
-PE100 --
2
4
---
3 4
5 6 Kg/sqcm
6 10 12.5 16
6 10 12.5 16
-- 10 12.5 16
Reversion < 3%
200 mm long 100 mm references marks
8 mm t Temp 110 c
oven 1 hr 1min
8-16 mm
110 c
2 hr 2min
Cool it measure the distance between the two
marks
l0-l1/l0 * 100
Overall migration IS 9845 (gen) IS 10146 specfic
38 c /10 days in distilled water < 10 mg/deci lit
Density IS 7328
3 Kg/m2
Width w.r.to 2L
L w.r.to 2W
For rectangular
Foams tests
Processability
120- 160 C 3-15 MPa 30-60 Sec/mm t
Thermal Endurance
20000 hrs IS 8504 Part1/2 -1977
Temp/time prop (any) change(50%)
Test specimen-electrical / Water absorption by
inj moulding
Cutting & machining for remaining tests(for
Products)
DMC specifications
D1
shrinkage max
Flow mm , min
density gm/cc
WA
%, max
Izod,notch Kj/m2
Flex St
Mpa
Modulus
,,
D2
20
D3 Annex
procedure
20 Type test
D1
Surface resist. ohm 1E10
24/water
CTI
600
Arc Resist min s 120
DS at 90 c Kv/mm 8
Dissi factor 1kHz
4 days /80% RH
HDT
C min
125
LOI
% min
23
D2
E11
D3
E12
600 1000
140 180
8
10
0.03 0.01
135 135
25 25
Contin Use
D1
D2
D3
Temp
120
130
130
Post Shrinkage %
<- 0.01 ->
CLTE cm/cm/ c
<- 20E-6 ->
SMC Panels
Class panels
Type A 3 mm thick
B 4 mm
C 5 mm
Side panels
Bottom panels
Half/quarter panels
Drain panels
Manhole panels
specified OD in mm
Dia at any point OD at any point
Mean OD
Min mean OD minimum value specified for given
nominal size
Max mean OD ,,
Classification of Pressure
0.25, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.25 MPa
x 10 = Kg/cm2
Tolerances 6 mm or < y = 0.1e +0.2
> 6mm
min tol y = 0.1en +0.2mm
max
y = 0.15 emin
rounded to nearest 0.1 mm
Effective length 4, 5, or 6 meters
. . .
dn
dn
OD at any Pt wall t
min max
min max min max
-------------------------------------------------------20 20 20.3
19.5 20.5 2.8 3.3 mm
25 25 25.3
24.5 25.5 2.9 3.4 mm
32 32 32.3
31.5 32.5 3.4 3.9 mm
40 40 40.3
39.5 40.5 3.6 4.2 mm
50 50 50.3
49.4 50.6 3.7 4.3 mm
VSP 80 c IS 6307
Density 1.40- 14.6 gm/cc
Sulfated ash content with sulfuric acid
at 850 c / 30 min- 3 h until constant residue weight from
2-5 gms PVC resin
Colour of residue: white
Hydrostatic pressure test IS 12235 Part 8
Type test
1000hrs / 65C 1.16 PN (MPa)
Acceptance
1
/27C 4.19 PN (MPa)
Test