Organization and

Structure of
Government in
Pakistan
Lecture no. 14

Organization
Organization is arrangement of personnel for facilitating ( 1
the accomplishment of some agreed purposes, through
allocation of functions and responsibilities. (L.D.White(
Organization means a planned system of cooperative ( 2
effort in which each participant has a recognized role to
play and duties and tasks to perform. (H. Simon,
Smithburg, and Thompson(
Organization is form of every human association for the ( 3
attainment of a common purpose. (James D. Mooney(
Thus organization is a group of people working together
.interdependently to achieve a common objective

Principles of
Organization

Hierarchy
Hierarchy is a chain of command and literally it means control of the higher over lower. It
.refers to the levels in organization
Span of Control
It means how many persons are being attended or supervised by an individual
Unity of Command
It refers to the reporting to immediate boss by an employee (According to Henri Fayol, an
. employee should receive orders from one supervisor only(
Integration vs Disintegration
It means the connecting of one or more parts with the whole of the organization
structure, by keeping them under the boss or department which is under the
control of boss. Whereas, disintegration means breaking up or causing to break
.into small parts or groups or identities. And, these parts are usually independent
Delegation
It means the transferring of authority from higher to lower to facilitate the work of
.organization
Centralization vs Decentralization
Centralization refers to the concentration of authority at the top whereas decentralization
.refers to the dispersal of authority among a number of individuals or units

Organization of Federal
Government in Pakistan
Rules of Business-1973 define the function of ministries, ministers and also secretaries and also the
.methodology of conducting the administrative and other businesses of the Federal Government
Central Secretariat: For the proper functioning of the Federal Government and the administering the
subjects falling within the jurisdiction of federation , there are ministries, divisions, attached
departments, subordinate offices, autonomous and semi-autonomous bodies. The detail is as
:under
Ministry: A ministry is a division or group of divisions constituted into a ministry or it may comprise
one or more divisions for the conduct of business of Federal Government in a specified sphere as
declared by the Government. Each ministry is headed by a Cabinet Minister and a Secretary is the
.administrative incharge of the ministry
Division: It also performs functions like Ministry to formulate policies and to ensure their
implementation. It is headed by a Minister for State and administrative incharge is Secretary or
.Additional Secretary
Attached Department: An attached department in the Federal Government has a direct relation with
Ministry or Division. These departments provide assistance to the Ministry in the formulation and
.execution of the policies and they are under the control of Ministry or Division
Subordinate Offices: Each attached department has many subordinate offices, which are known as
field offices. They are under the attached department and perform specific duites. They are
responsible for the execution of all the filed activities of attached departments. They are headed by
.an administrator or Director
Autonomous/Semi Autonomous Bodies: Certain Ministries or Divisions have a number of autonomous,
semi-autonomous bodies representing the trend of decentralization for arriving at speedy
decisions. The main sectors, under which these bodies are working are Finance, Education and
.Banking

Transaction of Business
at Federal Level
Prime Minister: At the top of the hierarchy of Federal Government is Prime Minister, who has
.authority and responsibility for the transaction of the business
Federal Minister: A Federal Minister or Minister for State is to assist the Prime Minister in the
.formulation of public policy
Secretary: A Secretary in-charge of Ministry or Division is a senior civil servant, and
administrative head of his ministry or division. He has to assist his Minister or Minister for
state in policy formulation, keep the Minister generally informed of the working of the
.Ministry or Division
Additional Secretary: Additional Secretary is also a senior civil servant and assists Secretary
in a ministry, some time, he works as incharge of the division and performs the functions
.like a Secretary in the ministry
Joint Secretary: Joint Secretary is junior to the Additional Secretary, In Ministry he works at
the third level of administrative hierarchy; while in Division, he assists the additional
secretary in charge as second in command. He performs the duties as assigned by
.Secretary/Additional Secretary
Deputy Secretary: A division/ministry is divided into wings and a wing is further divided into
.sections. Administrative head of a group of sections is called Deputy Secretary
Section Officer/Under Secretary: Section officer is the incharge of a section. He is an officer
at the lowest ebb of the hierarchy. He controls the officials of his section i.e. assistant,
.clerks, record keepers, steno-typist etc
.For further details, you can refer to the Manual of Secretariat Instructions

Provincial Organization
The work procedures of a provincial government in
Pakistan are in many ways similar to those at centre.
There are provincial secretariat attached offices. The
working of these organizations are similar as that of
federal organizations with some modifications and
.adjustments
Chief Minister: At the apex of the province is Chief Minister,
whose chief staff is the Chief Secretary. CM is the head of
.provincial cabinet and controller of provincial ministries
Chief Secretary: He is the senior civil servant and is the
official head of the provincial secretariat. To enable him
to perform his functions properly, there is a secretary in
every department, then additional secretary, deputy
.secretary and section officer

Local Government
Under present devolution scenario, province is
territorially divided into districts, which are
.again subdivided into subdivisions or tehsils

Administrative Structure in District

Administrative Structure in Tehsil

In every tehsil there shall be a Tehsil Municipal Administration
which shall be a body corporate and consist of a Tehsil
Nazim, Tehsil Municipal Officer, Tehsil Officers, Chief Officers
and other officials of the Local Council Service and officials
of the offices entrusted to the Tehsil Municipal
Administration. Whereas in every town in a City District there
is a Town Municipal Administration which is a body corporate
and consist of the Town Nazim, Town Municipal Officer, Town
Officers, Chief Officers and other officials of the Local
Council Service and officials of the offices entrusted to the
. Town Municipal Administration
.

Administrative Structure in Union

At the lower tier, the Union Administration, which is a body
corporate, covers the rural as well as urban areas across the
whole district. It consists of Union Nazim, Naib Union Nazim
and three Union Secretaries and other ancillary staf f