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Institute of Nursing
Diabetic Mellitus
(IDDM)
Badil Dass
Lecturer
1st April, 2013
Objectives:
By the end of this lecture, the students will
be
able to:
Define Diabetes Mellitus.
List the types of Diabetes Mellitus
Understand the pathophysiology of Type1 Diabetes Mellitus
Identify the clinical features of Type-1
Diabetes Mellitus
Describe the insulin interim of
Types, dose, peak hours and duration
Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes mellitus is metabolic disorder of
carbohydrate, protein, and fat characterized
by elevated levels of glucose in the blood
(hyperglycemia) resulting from defects in insulin
secretion, insulin action, or both
-1 Diabetes (IDDM)
Type -2 Diabetes (NIDDM)
Gestational diabetes mellitus
Diabetes mellitus associated with other
conditions or syndromes/ secondary diabetes
mellitus
Conti:
If
Conti
Insulin normally inhibits glycogenolysis
(breakdown of stored glucose) and
gluconeogenesis.
Due to insulin deficiency the gluconeogenesis
process occurs that cause the fat breakdown.
The end product of fat breakdown is ketone.
Excessive ketones cause the DKA
( Diabetes Ketoacidosis)
Ketone
Ketone
Conti
Initiation
Conti.
In
Banting's Idea
In
Conti..
Early
Conti.
The Experiment Begins
Banting and Best began their experiments
by removing the pancreas from a dog.
This resulted in the following:
It's blood sugar rose.
It became thirsty, drank lots of water, and
urinated more often.
It became weaker and weaker.
The dog had developed diabetes
Conti.
Experimenting on another dog
Banting and Best surgically ligated the pancreas,
stopping the flow of nourishment, so that the
pancreas degenerated.
sliced it up, and froze the pieces in a mixture of
water and salts. When the pieces were half frozen,
they were ground up and filtered. The isolated
substance was named "isletin."
The extract was injected into the diabetic dog. Its
blood glucose level dropped, and it seemed
healthier and stronger. By giving the diabetic dog a
few injections a day, Banting and Best could keep it
healthy and free of symptoms.
Conti.
January