Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Demographic change
Outsourcing of Reproductive Work
Feminization of Migration
In Taiwan, approx. 200,000 migrants are working
as caregivers which shares 62% of the long term c
are workforce (Wang, 2010).
In Japan, under the Economic Partnership Agree
ment (EPA), migrant caregivers are working in car
e facilities.
In Korea, minimum 15,000 to maximum 54,000 C
hinese Korean women are engaged in care work.
Literature Review
Objective:
Migration Regime
Citizenship Permanent vs. Temporary
Ethnic ties- De-ethnicization vs. Re-ethnici
zation
Care Regime
Welfare provider- Familialist vs. De-familiali
st
Professionalization of long-term care occu
pation- license vs. non-license
Migration Regime
Care Regime
Care Regime
National Pension System pro
vides NT$3,000 per month
(US$100)
Elderly has to depend on the
family for financial means
Social stigma towards institu
tional care
Migrants are supposed to ha
ve 90h training in their hom
e countries
If you employ a migrant, you
cannot use the Taiwanese c
Nexus between
Migration and Care
Regime 1 EPA
Medical
Visa
(nurses,
midwifer
y)
Defamiliali
st
Migrant
s 206
pax.
De-ethnicizaton
Marriage
Migrants
Migrant
Caregivers
200,000 pax.
Stude
nts
Marriag
e
Migrant
s
=Japan
Taiwan
Korea
Re-ethnicizati
on
Korean
Chinese
Migrant
Caregiver
s
(Re-)
familiali
st
Korean
Chinese
Marriage
Migrants
Nexus between
Migration and Care
Regime 2
Migrants
with
Resident
Permit
Without
license
Studen
ts
Migrant
Caregivers
200,000
Permanent
Residency
Marriage
Migrants
Marriag
e
Migrant
s
EPA
Candidat
es
Korean
Chinese
Migrants
(Josonjok)
Temporary
Residency
EPA
Migran
ts 206
Japan
Taiwan
Korea
Medic
al
Visa
With
license
To pass the
national
exam
became a
condition
LTCI (2000~)
removed
psychological
barriers
towards
institutional
Globalization of
care in Japan
Accepted as
highly skilled
workers in
institutions
Too costly and
too small in
number to
mitigate the
labor shortage
Increasing
demand for
care workforce
Migrati
on
regime
Globalizati
on of care
in Taiwan
Lack of
unskilled
workers in
factories
which opened
up the labor
market since
1992~
Contract
period
extended
Accepted as
unskilled
who work
mostly in less
regulated
private
homes.
(Re-)
familialization
and lack of
standardizatio
Conclusion
References
Lee, H., 2012, Korea Womens Policy Research Institute, Research on the Situation and M
anagement of Korean Chinese and Foreign Women Helpers,
Vol.1
Hochschild, A. R., 2000, Global Care Chains and Emotional Surplus Value, in W. Hutton &
A. Giddens (eds.) On the Edge: Living with Global Capitalism, Vintage.
Parrenas, R. S., 2001, Servants of Globalization: Women, Migration and Domestic Work, At
eneo de Manila Press.
Yeates, N., 2009, Globalizing Care Economies and Migrant Workers: Explorations in Global
Care Chains, Palgrave Macmillan.
Tsubota, K, Ogawa, R, Ohno, S., Y. Hirano, 2012, Result of the Questionnare Survey on Acc
eptance of Foreign Care Workers,
(unpublished manuscript).
Wang, Frank Tsen-Yung, 2010, Globalization of Care in Taiwan: From Undutiful Daughter-i
n-Law to Cold-Blooded Migrant Killer, in Ogawa, R. et al. eds., Transnational Migration fro
m Southeast Asia to East Asia and Transformation of Re-productive Labor: Comparative St
udy between Korea, Taiwan and Japan, KFAW Visiting Researchers Report, http://www.kfa