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Well Drilling
Lesson 14
Jet Bit Nozzle Size Selection
1
Graphical Analysis
Surge Pressure due to Pipe Movement
2
Read:
Applied Drilling Engineering, to p.162
HW #7:
On the Web - due 10-09-02
Quiz A
Thursday, Oct. 10, 7 - 9 p.m. Rm. 101
Closed Book
1 Equation sheet allowed, 8 1/2x 11 (both sides)
i.e.
v n Cd
Pb
4
8.074 *10
v n Pb
ppump p d pbit
p bit p pump p d
where p d may be called the parasitic pressure
loss in the system (friction).
9
p d p s p dp p dc p dca p dpa cq
1.75
p d cq
where 0 m 2
10
p bit p pump p d
PHbit
p d cq
pbit q p pump q cq
1714
1714
dPHbit
0 when
dq
m 1
11
1
i.e., when p d
p pump
m 1
PHbit is maximum when
pd
p pump
m 1
12
1
p d
pp
m 1
p d
p pump *100%
1.75 1
36% of p pump
p bit 64% of p pump
13
m=1
1
p d
p pump *100%
11
50% of p pump
p b 50% of p pump
14
F j 0.01823 cd q pbit
0.01823 c d q (p pump pd )
16
pd cq
F j 0.01823 cd
p p q cd q
2
m2
17
2
p d
p p
m2
18
Maximum Jet
Impact Force
- Examples Thus, if m 1.75,
2
p d
p p
m2
p d 53% of p p
and p b 47% of p p
Also, if m 1.00
p d 67% of p p
and p b 33% of p p
19
20
21
22
4A tot
dN
3
23
Example 4.31
Determine the proper pump operating
conditions and bit nozzle sizes for max.
jet impact force for the next bit run.
Current nozzle sizes: 3 EA 12/32
Mud Density = 9.6 lbm.gal
At 485 gal/min, Ppump = 2,800 psi
At 247 gal/min, Ppump = 900 psi
24
= 0.91
= 3,000 psig
= 225 gal/min
25
Eq.( 4.34) : pb
pb
cd At
12
(0.95) 3
4 32
2
1,894 psi
8.311(10 )(9.6)(247)
12
3
4 32
(0.95)
491 psi
28
(a ) Interval 1,
q max
1,714 PHp E
Pmax
(b) Interval 2,
1,714(1,250)(0.91)
650 gal/min
3,000
2
2
p d
Pmax
(3,000)
m2
1.2 2
1,875 psi
(c) Interval 3,
Example 4.31
3. From graph, optimum point is at
gal
q 650
, p d 1,300 psi pb 1,700 psi
min
8.311 *10 qopt
5
( At ) opt
Cd (pb ) opt
A opt 0.47 in
-5
2
(0.95) * (1,700)
d N opt 14
32
nds
in
30
gal
q 650
, p d 1,300 psi pb 1,700 psi
min
31
Example 4.32
Well Planning
It is desired to estimate the proper pump
operating conditions and bit nozzle sizes for
maximum bit horsepower at 1,000-ft
increments for an interval of the well
between surface casing at 4,000 ft and
intermediate casing at 9,000 ft. The well
plan calls for the following conditions:
32
Example 4.32
Pump: 3,423 psi maximum surface pressure
1,600 hp maximum input
0.85 pump efficiency
Drillstring: 4.5-in., 16.6-lbm/ft drillpipe
(3.826-in. I.D.)
600 ft of 7.5-in.-O.D. x 2.75-in.I.D. drill collars
33
Example 4.32
Surface Equipment: Equivalent to 340
ft. of drillpipe
Hole Size: 9.857 in. washed out to 10.05 in.
10.05-in.-I.D. casing
Minimum Annular Velocity: 120 ft/min
34
Mud Program
Depth
(ft)
Mud
Density
(lbm/gal)
Plastic
Yield
Viscosity
Point
(cp)
(lbf/100 sq ft)
5,000
9.5
15
6,000
9.5
15
7,000
9.5
15
8,000
12.0
25
9,000
13.0
30
12
35
Solution
The path of optimum hydraulics is as
follows:
Interval 1
q max
1,714 PHp E
p max
1,714(1,600)(0.85)
3,423
681 gal/min.
36
Solution
Interval 2
Since measured pump pressure data are not
available and a simplified solution technique
is desired, a theoretical m value of 1.75 is
used. For maximum bit horsepower,
1
1
pd
pmax
m 1
1.75 1
3,423
1,245 psia
37
Solution
Interval 3
For a minimum annular velocity of
120 ft/min opposite the drillpipe,
120
60
395 gal/min
38
Table
The frictional pressure loss in other
sections is computed following a
procedure similar to that outlined above for
the sections of drillpipe. The entire
procedure then can be repeated to
determine the total parasitic losses at
depths of 6,000, 7,000, 8,000 and 9,000 ft.
The results of these computations are
summarized in the following table:
39
Table
38
38
38
51
57
490
601
713
1,116
1,407
320
320
320
433
482
20
20
20
28
27*
20
25
29
75*
111*
888
1,004
1,120
1,703
2,084
Table
The proper pump operating conditions
and nozzle areas, are as follows:
(l)Depth (2)Flow Rate (3)p d (4)p b
(ft )
(gal/min)
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
600
570
533
420
395
(psi)
1,245
1,245
1,245
1,245
1,370
(5)A t
2,178
2,178
2,178
2,178
2,053
0.380
0.361
0.338
0.299
0.302
41
Table
The first three columns were read directly
from Fig. 4.37. (depth, flow rate and pd)
Col. 4 (pb) was obtained by subtracting p d
shown in Col.3 from the maximum pump
pressure of 3,423 psi.
Col.5 (Atot) was obtained using Eq. 4.85
42
43
For fixed
v pipe ,
Psurge Pswab
45
Figure 4.40B