CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

Dr Rita Chvez Puente

CIE-MGA

QUIZZ
1. PLEASE WRITE THE PATHWAYS OXGYEN
PASSES ON ITS WAY INTO THE ALVEOLI.
2. WRITE THE FUNCTION AND ANATOMICAL
STRUCTURE OF THE NOSE.
3. EXPLAIN THE RESPIRATORY PROCESS IN
FISH.
4. WHAT DOES THE DIAPHRAGM MUSCLE
DO?
5. WHAT IS THE EPIGLOTIS, WHERE IS IT
LOCATED AND WHAT IS ITS FUNCTION?

The System for Transporting Gases

Your heart beats with about the strength it takes to
squeeze a tennis ball. Squeeze a tennis ball and see
how hard that is. Now think what it must be like for your
heart to do this 70 times a minute, 60 minutes an hour,
24 hours a day - for a lifetime!
The Circulatory System
The heart, the blood, and the blood vessels make up a
system for the transport of gases, nutrients, and
chemical wastes. The primary functions of the
circulatory system are the following:
1. To transport nutrients and oxygen to the cells.
2. To remove waste and carbon dioxide from the cells.
3. To provide for efficient gas exchange.
x

 Blood vessels allow oxygenated

blood and nutrients to reach the
tissues and wastes to be removed
from the tissues.
The blood is the medium that carries
oxygen and nutrients to the tissue
and is also the medium by which
waste
is
transported
to
the
appropriate locations.

The Heart

Blood Vessels
There are three basic types of blood
vessels:
1. Arteries- these carry "oxygen rich" blood
away from the heart, except in the case of
the artery to the lungs.
2. Capillaries- these are the sites of gas
exchange between the tissues.
3. Veins- these return "oxygen poor" blood
to the heart, except for the vein that
carries blood from the lungs.

 The capillaries have very thin walls

and there are many of them.
Why do you think this is?
Why are the capillaries shown with
two different colors?
Why is the vein shown as blue?

 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H
04d3rJCLCE

Blood Flow
For gas exchange to occur in the
lungs and the rest of the body's
tissues, blood must flow continuously
through the tissues.
The heart pushes blood through the
tissues and provides a constant force
for blood flow to occur.

 The heart provides enough force to

propel the blood through the arteries
and veins in the body.
The arteries entering tissues, called
arterioles, can constrict (become
more narrow) or dilate (become
relaxed and less narrow) to change
the amount of blood flowing to an
area.

 If an arteriole constricts, less blood is

available for the tissues it supplies.
If an arteriole dilates, more blood
reaches the tissues it supplies.
Why is it useful for the arteries to
change size?
Can you think of situations where
certain tissues may need more or
less blood flow?

Blood Pressure
Blood pressure is a measure of the
force needed for blood to move
through the tissues.

 This pressure depends on the amount of

blood in the body, the diameter of the
blood vessels, and how hard the heart is
pumping blood.
Resistance in the circulatory system is
caused by the blood rubbing against the
walls of the blood vessels as it flows
through them. This rubbing produces a
force, called resistance, opposite the
blood flow.

 A large vessel is less resistant than a

small blood vessel because relatively
less blood rubs against the walls of
the blood vessel, while a small blood
vessel is more resistant because it
has a smaller area for the blood to
flow through.
This means that more blood rubs
against the walls of the vessel and it
slows blood flow.

 In any one capillary, this resistance

is an advantage because the slowed
blood flow has more time for gas
exchange to occur.

 When an arteriole dilates, the

diameter almost doubles.
When a vessel's diameter increases,
the blood flow increases by four
times the original amount.

WRITE AND ANSWER

Is it better for the heart to work less
to move blood through the tissues?
Why?

What happens to blood flow if the

heart is not working hard enough?

 When the blood pressure in the body

is elevated, the heart must work very
hard to provide adequate blood flow
to the tissues.
Many people have blood pressure
that is too high (called hypertension.)

 One known cause of hypertension is

atherosclerosis.
Atherosclerosis is a condition in
which the walls of the blood vessels
become thick and stiff, reducing their
flexibility and ability to dilate.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xny
fElxkBlI

ATHEROSCLEROSIS
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
M0NF2ODfd9E