THE PRESENT

TENSE
PREPARED BY :


• MOHD SHAFUAN B ZULKAFLI

• MOHD ASRAN B JUSOH
• AINI MARDHIAH BT MOHD SAOD
• KHAIRUNNISA BT NURDIN
• NUR FARIHAIN BT ABD RAZAK
• NOORFARRAH HAYATI BT RAMADZAN
• NUR IKHWATUN HASANAH BT SEZALI
•
THE SIMPLE
PRESENT
TENSE
• Use the verb without ‘s’ with plural
nouns or pronouns, and the verb
with ‘s’ with singular nouns or
pronouns.
• Use dose not (singular) or do not
(plural) and the base form of the
verb to form the negative.
• Put does (singular) or do (plural)
before the subject and the base
form of the verb after the
subject to form a question.
 Uses of the Simple Present
Tense
• An action which takes place on a
regular basis (habitual action)
• Descriptions of facts and general
true statements
• Description of your everyday life

subject verb

I eat
He / She

The man
eats
It

The men

You / We eat
They
Example :-
1.Rozi likes to drink tea.
2.What does ali do for a living?
3.My brother drives a lorry.
4.He seldom washes his dishes.
5.They always do their homework.
6.Do you watch Sesame Street every
Saturday?
7.She does not know how to drive a
car.
Question :-
1.Everywhere she_____ (go) I _____ (go)
too.
2.He _______(drink) coffee every
morning.
3.________ you ________(know) my aunt
who lives in Desa Pandan.
4.Owls ________(not, sleep) at night.
5.A copywriter _________(write) the
words for advertisements.
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
The rule:
• Construction:
 have/has + past participle


• Passive sentences:
 have/has + been + past participle
Used in Used to report a situation
explanation of the that began in the past
present situation and is ongoing in the present

When we Used interchangeably

to refer to the future
used after vertain conjuctions,
present when the main verb is in
perfect? the future tense

Used where In British English,

a number of occasions the present perfect
is mentioned. usually accompanies
already, yet, and just.
1. Used in explanation present
situation
• When you are speaking in the
present tense, you often use the
present perfect to refer to
happenings that are in the
past but affect the present
situation.
• Example :
1.I’m afraid I can’t pay for the drinks,
I’ve lost my purse.
2.I’ll pay, I’ve just had arise salary!
 Example 1
 I’m afraid I can’t pay for the drinks,



Affect present situation


 I’ve lost my purse.

Past situation
 Example 2
 I’ll pay,



Affect present situation


I’ve just had a rise

salary!

Past situation
2. Used the present perfect for
ongoing situation that began in
the past and still continue.
• Example 1


 How long have you owned this

car?


 Show the past situation

Situation still keep ongoing
• Example 2


 He’s lived there since my

mother died.
• Show the past situation

Situation still keep ongoing

3. Used where a number of
occasions is mentioned.
• Example 1


 I’ve phoned his sister

several times.


Present perfect Show number of time

• Example 2 :


 Jim has failed his driving

test six times.

Present perfect Show the number of times

 Usually accompanies
already, yet and just
• Example 1
•
 Naomi has just phoned to invite us round on
Friday.


Present Accompanies
perfect the present perfect
Example 2 :-

Have you made any holidays plans yet?

The present perfect Accompanies of present perf

Interchangeable with simple
present after conjunctions

• when
• after
• as soon as
• until
• if
Example 1:-
When I’ve finished (or when I finish) my
project I’ll be able to take a short rest.

conjuntion
Example 2 :-

You can’t use new software until you’ve

rebooted (or until you reboot).

conjunction
 Questions
1.Sally _____ (be) in my employment for
fove years and is completely
trustworthy.
2.‘Do I know you?’ ‘No, we ____never
____ (meet) before.
3.Many tourists ______ visited that
castle.
4.I ________ (be) to the Mexico last
year.
5.The army _______ (attack) the city five
times.
ANSWER
1.Sally has been in my employment for
fove years and is completely
trustworthy.
2.‘Do I know you?’ ‘No, we ‘ve never
met before.
3.Many tourists have visited that castle.
4.I have been to the Mexico last year.
5.The army has attacked the city five
times.
6.
7.
8.
 THE
PRESENT
CONTINUOU
S
1 3

2
 The Present Continuous
Tense
• For an action happening at the
moment of speaking


• Use now, at present, currently, right

now, at the moment, etc
•
 Example :
1.Marta is carrying a heavy bag.
2.Luqman is crying.
3.Amani and Aini are playing with their brother.
4.The train is coming right now.
5.Fatimah and Saod are cooking at the
moment.

6.
 For an action currently in progress


 Example :
1.We are learning Ilmu Pendidikan this
semester.
2.Faisal is majoring in Physics.
3.My friends are staying in Taman Suria.

 Plan for the future


Example :
1.The Prime Minister is visiting Japan next
year.
2.Next year, we are introducing several new
products.
3.Hamit is going to Taiping next month.
4.I am going tomorrow.
 Structure
Positive
Verb "be" + verb + - ing.

• I'm (I am) -> working today.

• You're (You are) -> working today.
• He's (He is) -> working today.
• She's (She is) -> working today.
•
Negative
Verb "be" + not + verb + -ing.

• I'm not (I am not) -> coming this

evening.
• You aren't (You are not) -> coming
this evening.
• He isn't (He is not) -> coming this
evening.
• She isn't (She is not) -> coming this
evening.
Questions
Question word + verb 'be' + subject +

verb + -ing
•
• What -> are you -> doing this
afternoon?
• What -> is he -> doing this
afternoon?
• What -> is she -> doing this
afternoon?
• What -> is it -> doing this afternoon?
 EXERCISE :
1.Right now, she ________ (sleep).
2.Those men _________ (try) to rob the
bank.
3.It ________ (start) to rain.
4.Mrs. Lam _______ (feed) her cats.
5.Hafiz and Asyraf __________ (argue)
again.
1.Right now, she is
sleeping.
•
2.Those men are trying to
rob the bank
3.It is starting to rain.

4.Mrs. Lam is feeding her
cats.
•
5.Hafiz and Asyraf are
arguing again.
•
 PRESENT


PERFECT
CONTINUOUS
TENSE
The structure of the present perfect continuous
tense is :

SUBJECT AUXILARY VERB AUXILARY VERB MAIN VERB

HAVE / HAS BEEN BASE + ing

Example :
I HAVE BEEN SINGING

I HAVE BEEN SINGING

 Here are some examples of the
present perfect continuous tense:

subject auxiliary auxiliary main verb

verb verb

+ I have been waiting for one hour.

+ You have been talking too much.

- It has not been raining.

- We have not been playing football.

? Have you been seeing her?

? Have they been doing their

homework?
Contractions
When we use the present perfect continuous tense in
speaking, we often contract the subject and the first
auxiliary. We also sometimes do this in informal
writing.
IThey
You
He
Wehave
has
have
have
have
been
been
been
been
been They've
I've
You've
He's
We'vebeen
been
been
been
been
She has been She's been
It has been It's been
John has been John's been
The car has been The car's been

Here are some examples:

I've been reading.
The car's been giving trouble.
We've been playing tennis for two hours.
There is usually a connection with the present  or now.
There are basically two uses for the present perfect
continuous tense:

I'm tired because I've been running.

past present future

!!!
Recent Result now.
action.
EXAMPLE :

I'm tired [now] because I've been running.

Why is the grass wet [now] ? Has it been raining?
You don't understand [now] because
you haven't been listening.
 2. An action continuing up to now

We use the present perfect continuous tense to talk about

an action that started in the past and is continuing now. This is
often used with for or since.

I have been reading for 2 hours.

past present future

Action Action is
started in continuing
past. now.
•I have been reading for 2 hours. [I am still reading now.]
•We've been studying since 9 o'clock. [We're still studying now.]
•How long have you been learning English? [You are still learning now.]
•We have not been smoking. [And we are not smoking now.]
 For and Since with Present Perfect Continuous Tense

We often use for and since with the present perfect tense.
•We use for to talk about a period of time - 5 minutes, 2 weeks, 6 years.
•We use since to talk about a point in past time - 9 o'clock, 1st January, Monday.

FOR SINCE
a period of time a point in past time

x
20 minutes 6.15pm
three days Monday
6 months January
4 years 1994
2 centuries 1800
a long time I left school
ever the beginning of time
etc etc
Here are some examples:
•I have been studying for 3 hours.
•I have been watching TV since 7pm.
•Tara hasn't been feeling well for 2 weeks.
•Tara hasn't been visiting us since March.
•He has been playing football for a long time.
•He has been living in Bangkok since he left school.
The present perfect continuous implies that
process is incomplete, while the present perfect
means that it has been completed:

I’ve been compiling an address list on my

computer. [I still have some way to go]
I’ve compiled an address list on my computer [it’s
complete]
I’ve been reading P D James’s new thriller [I
haven’t finished it yet]
I’ve read P D James’s new thriller [I’ve finished it]
When you’re not talking about individual, occasional
or repeated occasions, the present perfect
accompanies the mention of a number of occasions,
and the present perfect continuous accompanies the
mention of a period :

I’ve phoned Janet four times this morning, and

there’s still no answer.
I’ve been phoning Janet all morning, and there’s
still no answer.
‘Have you been watching the serial about drug-
smuggling during the last month?’ ‘We’ve watched
three of the episodes.’
The present perfect continuous is sometimes
used with slight humour or even exasperation
instead of the present perfect, to comment on
what you hear or see:

I see that Robert has been writing to the

newspapers again!
Martha has been dyeing her hair, I observe.
Who’s been telling you all this nonsense?
It seems that someone has been spreading
rumours.
QUESTIONS :

1. Mariam ____________________(live) in this country

since 1998.

2. I __________________(compile) an address list on my

computer.

3. I ___________________(read) P D James’s new

thriller.

4. Martha __________________(dye) her hair, I observe.

5. The police _____________________(hunt) the

murderer for more than a week.
ANSWER :

1.HAS BEEN LIVING

2.HAVE BEEN COMPILING
3.HAVE BEEN READING
4.HAS BEEN DYEING
5.HAVE BEEN HUNTING
6.
7.
8.
9.