Use and mention

Logic is part of philosophy Use

Logic is a word
Logic is a word

Mention

Theres glory for you.

--what do you mean by glory?

Arguments and non-arguments

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Warning or Advice
Statement of Opinion or Belief
Report
Illustration
Explanation
Explication
Conditional

You better not come to class late.

You really ought to do your homework

Warnings tend to be prohibitive in their aim.
Advice seems to be constructive, recommending.
The difference is not absolute, but can usually be made.

Opinions have to do with how one

feels about something subjective.
A belief is what one thinks is true
about something or other.
Ice cream is better than cake
Trees are plants
The difference is not absolute, but can
usually be made

illustration
Possible to interpret them as arguments
Ex: Heideggers really difficult to
understand; my friends a good student,
and he just got frustrated trying to read
Being and Time.

Is this giving a reason to believe Heidegger is difficult,

or is it giving an example of what it means to claim hes

Explanation vs
Explication
Two senses of explain
--to tell why something is or happens as
it does
--to make the meaning of something
clear
The ontological argument is called that because it is about Being

Dont miss class on a day we have a quiz.

Studying logic is fun.

Studying logic is like studying

a foreign language in some
ways.

A statement is the meaning of a

declarative sentence.

An argument is a series of statements.

Being a series, it contains at least two.
A statement is a sentence that can be
either true or false. The statement that
claims to follow from the others is the
conclusion; the others are the
premisses.

Every argument has a conclusion and

at least one premise. For instance:
Socrates is a man, therefore he is mortal.

The biggest reason people who

dont do well in Logic dont do well
is that they dont keep up with the
homework.

If you come to class and Im not here,

youll expect an explanation and an
apology. Likewise, if I come to class
and you arent here, Ill expect an
explanation and apology.

If you arrive late, you should come

in anyway.

But dont arrive late!

You should really get your taxes in on

time this year.

Its great that DC got a baseball team,

but they arent very good.

Going to minor league baseball is great

because its closer than DC, its
cheaper, and the players are almost
as good

Minor league players make less than

major league players because they
are in the minors.

We should buy Giant brand because

its cheaper than Thomas.

If there were gas in the car, it would

start. But it wont, so there mustnt be.

Joes absent because he broke his leg

last night.

They may as well abolish Labor

Day. Youre supposed to get the
day off on national holidays.

Its really humid today.

Its really unpleasant today.

If theres gas in the tank, the car will

run.

If the car runs, there is gas in the

tank.

Antecendent: the if clause

Consequent: the then clause

The antecedent expresses a sufficient

condition.
The consequent expresses a
necessary condition.