Cell Cycle

Period of time from one division to the next

Cell Cycle

Unicellular division results in formation

of new individuals of the species
Multicellular division results in replacement
of old or damaged cells

Mitosis

Process by which the nucleus divides while

maintaining number of chromosomes

Cytokinesis Division of the cytoplasm

Asexual
Reproduction

Reproduction that only involves one parent

so therefore no special reproductive organs
are needed

Chromatin

Nuclear DNA wound around proteins known

as histones

Chromosomes
Condensed rolls of chromatin that are able
to be seen during mitosis (rod-like structures)

There are 5 phases in MITOSIS

Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

Interphase

Known as resting phase

Cells grow in size by producing more nucleic acids, proteins,

and cellular organelles
Chromosomes make copies of themselves, but they cant be
seen
Nucleus of the cell is contained within the nuclear envelope
Centrioles are present and duplicate themselves

Prophase
Double chromosomes become visible - Chromatid
Chromosomes are 2 sister chromatids connected by a centromere

Sister
Chromatids

Centromere

At the beginning, centrioles move to opposite poles

Aster (star shaped fibers) extend = microtubules
Spindle fibers attach (to centromere to pull away chromatids to
opposite sides of the cell)
By the end, the nuclear envelope and nucleus have
disappeared

DONT DRAW

EARLY

LATE

Metaphase
Centromeres line up on the equator (middle= metaphase plate)
By the end, the centromeres divide and pull the daughter
chromosomes to opposite sides of the cell
Half of each chromosome goes to the opposite side of the cell

Anaphase
Daughter chromosomes move to opposite sides of cell
(poles)
Movement is accomplished by the microtubules
Movement occurs by shortening of the microtubules

Telophase
Chromosomes uncoil and return to previous shape (threadlike)
Nuclear membrane and nuclei reform

NOTE: Cytokinesis begins during late anaphase and finishes

during telophase

She had it
coming!!

An easy way to remember the

order of the phases in mitosis
is to think:

I PUNCHED MY
AUNT TILLY!!

Same as mitosis in animals except:

Plants have no centrioles spindle fibers take their place
Asters do not form
Cell wall does not pinch because it is too rigid
Cell plate divides the cell into two

D. Protein that causes cells to go through cell cycle is called

cyclin *

Occurs only through the process of mitosis

Each offspring has the same genetic information
Where can asexual reproduction be found?

BACTERIA

YEAST

PLANTS

There are 5 different types of asexual reproduction.

1. Budding
Parent divides unequally; new individuals develop from buds
ex yeast & hydra
2. Binary Fission
Most simple form of asexual reproduction; Parent divides
equally and results in two separate individuals
Ex.-paramecium
3. Spore Formation
Single specialized cells that germinate when released from
parent. Usually covered by a protective coating for preservation.

4. Regeneration/fragmentation
Ability to regrow new body parts/ability to grow new
Organism from parts.
ex hyrda, planaria, starfish, the bad guy from Terminator 2

5. Vegetative Reproduction/Propagation
Refers to roots, stems, and leaves. Cells divide then differentiate
to produce the same organism
Ex.- strawberry plant, pick-a-back plant