Acute Renal Failure

Sudden and onset

Characterized by uremia
Can be fatal if not reversed
properly
Can be caused by many
factors:
Ex: Sudden drop in blood
volume/blood pressure due to
injury/surgery

Bladder Retaining
A program of urinating on a
schedule with increasingly
longer time intervals between
scheduled urination
Goal: To reestablish voluntary
bladder control and to break
the cycle of frequency,
urgency, and urge
incontinence

Cystolith
A stone located within the
urinary bladder

Diabetes Insipidus
A condition in which the
kidneys are unable to conserve
water as they perform their
function of filtering blood

Edema
Excessive fluid in the body
tissues
Commonly seen in feet and
ankles

Female Urethra
Approximately 1.5 inches long
Urethral meatus (external
opening of urethra) located
between clitoris and opening
of vagina
Conveys only urine

Glomerulonephritis
Also known as Brights disease
Type of kidney disease caused
by inflammation of the
glomeruli that causes red
blood cells and proteins to leak
into urine

A. Normal Glomerulus B. Glomerulonephritis

Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)

A disorder that usually occurs
when an infection in the
digestive system produces
toxic substances that destroy
red blood cells, causing kidney
injury

HUS and E. Coli

Incontinence
The inability to control the
excretion of urine and/or feces

Jaundice
Excess of bilirubin (a yellow
chemical in hemoglobin, the
substance that carries oxygen
in your red blood cells).
As red blood cells break down,
body builds new cells to
replace them. The old ones are
processed by the liver. If the
liver cannot handle the blood
cells as they break down,
bilirubin builds up in the body
and your skin and eyes may
look yellow.

Kegel Exercises
Named for Dr. Arnold Kegel
A series of pelvic muscle
exercises used to strengthen
the muscles of the pelvic floor
to control urinary stress
incontinence in women

Lupus Nephritis
Kidney inflammation caused
by systemic lupus
erythematosus (SLE or lupus)
SLE is an autoimmune disease
a disorder in which the
bodys immune system attacks
the bodys own cells and
organs

Medulla (renal)
Inner region of the kidney
Contains most of the urinecollecting tubules

Nephrolith
Also known as renal calculus
or a kidney stone
Stone (abnormal mineral
deposit) found in the kidney

Oliguria
Scanty urination
Having a low amount of urine
during urination
Clinically defined as an output
of urine less than 400
milliliters

Pyelotomy
Surgical incision into the renal
pelvis
This procedure is performed to
correct an obstruction of the
junction between the renal
pelvis and the ureter

A pyelotomy would be needed if

there were an obstruction
between the renal pelvis and the
ureter.

Quadriplegia
Injury or disease to the
nervous system can affect the
ability to move a part of the
body. This reduced motor
ability is called paralysis of the
four limbs
Causes incontinence of bowel
and bladder and urinary tract
infection

Renal Transplantation
Commonly known as kidney
transplant
The grafting of a donor kidney
into the body to replace the
recipient's failed kidney(s)
A single transplanted kidney is
able to perform all kidney
functions

Suprapubic Catheterization
The placement of a catheter
into the bladder through a
small incision made through
the abdominal wall just above
the pubic bone

Trigonitis
Inflammation of the trigone
region of the bladder

Cytoscopic appearance of
trigonitis

Urethroplasty
Surgical repair of the urethra

Urethroplasty for Obliterative Bulbar Urethral Stricture

Vesicovaginal Fistula
A vaginal fistula (fistula is a
passage or hole that has
formed between two organs in
body or an organ in body and
skin) that opens into the
urinary tract

Wilms Tumor
A cancer of the kidneys that
usually occurs in children

Retrograde X-ray
The visualization of the
bladder with use of injection of
sterile dye
Usually performed during a
procedure called cystoscopy
evaluation of the bladder with
an endoscope (a long, flexible
lighted tube)
During a cystoscopy, contrast
dye, which helps enhance the
X-ray images, can be
introduced into the ureters via
a catheter

Yeast Infection (vaginal)

A type of vaginitis
inflammation of the vagina
characterized by vaginal
irritation, intense itchiness
and vaginal discharge
Affects the vagina and the
tissues at the opening to the
vagina (vulva).

Azot/o

Prefix meaning urea, nitrogen

Different types of compounds of the

excretions made by the urinary system