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I) Energy
-- the capacity to do work (physics)
-- the capacity to cause change (biochemistry)
- position
- state
- composition
- falling object
- expanding spring
- change in protein conformation
(e.g. muscle contraction)
With every conversion of energy from one form/state to another, some energy
becomes unusable
II) Metabolism
-- all the chemical rxns occurring in cell/organism
A) Anabolic / Synthetic
-- build larger, more complex molecules from simpler ones
-- requires energy stored in chemical bonds
-- Example:
B) Catabolic / Degradative
-- breakdown larger molecules to smaller, simpler ones
-- releases energy from chemical bonds
-- Example:
III) Enzymes
-- proteins that catalyze chemical rxn without being consumed in rxn
-- lower Activation Energy
-- often end ase
Catalyze
Catalyst
Catalysis
measure: i) production of C
ii) decrease of A and/or B
Michaelis-Menten curve
COX1, COX2
Arachidonic Acid
(20C, polyunsat. fatty acid)
G) Enzyme Inhibition
1) Irreversible inhibitor irreversibly binds enz (Ex: Sarin binds cholinesterase)
2) Reversible inhibitor binds/unbinds; used by cells themselves to regulate enzs
a) Competitive
b) Non-competitive
H) Cofactors
-- required by enzymes for activity
1) Inorganic (non-carbon): Cu, Fe, Mg, Zn
Coenzyme
Ex 2: Niacin (Vit B3)
Riboflavin (Vit B2)
NAD
FAD
Redox Reactions
Oxidation
Reduction
(oxidized)
(reduced)