POWER LIMITED

Air-Conditioning &
Ventilation
Pran Saurabh Agarwal

POWER LIMITED

Topic for discussion

Air-conditioning

What is Air-conditioning and how it can be achieved?

Why it is required?
Type of Air-conditioning equipment?
AC system used in our plant

Ventilation
What is Ventilation and how it works?
Why it is required?
Ventilation equipment used in our plant

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Air-conditioning
What is Air-conditioning
Air of one closed space is to be maintain at a
certain temperature through equipments which
were working on principle of Vapor Compression
or Vapor Absorption Cycle.
Air Conditioning: process of treating air to
control simultaneously its temperature,
humidity, cleanliness, and distribution to meet
the requirements of the conditioned space

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Vapor Compression Cycle

Condenser

Expansion
Device

Compressor

Evaporator

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More Definitions
Compressor-removes heat-laden vapor refrigerant
from the evaporator
Condenser-removes the condensation heat from the
refrigerant vapor
Evaporator-picks up the heat removed by the
condenser

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Thermal Laws of Refrigeration

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Fluids absorb heat while changing from liquid to vapor

and give up heat during the change
Temperature is constant, if pressure remains constant
Heat flows from hot to cold
Metallic parts use metals that have a high heat
conductivity
Heat and other forms of energy are interchangeable
(electricity to heat, heat to electrical energy, and heat to
mechanical energy)

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Refrigerants
Classified into four areas:
1)Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
2)Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs)
3)Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)
Chemical Name of refrigerant is R12(CCl2F2), R22(CHClF2),
R134a(C2H2F4) etc
Ammonia-penetrating odor, soluble in water, harmless in small
concentrations, non-flammable, explosive
R-22-little odor, colorless as gas or liquid, non-toxic, non-irritating,
non-flammable, non-corrosive, stable

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Air-conditioning
Freon gas compressed by
compressor (its at a cool
temp.)
Hot gas flows through tubing
and condenses into a liquid
Flows through expansion
valve-evaporates and goes
into gas form again
Gas goes through a set of
pipes to dissipate the heat it
has gained
Process starts again

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Air-conditioning
Why it is required
Air-conditioning is required for maintain the
temperature of one closed space for Man &
Machine

Type of Air-conditioning equipment?

1) DX type AC equipment
With Air Cooled condenser
i)
Split AC
ii)
Window AC
iii)
Split Ductable AC
With Water Cooled condenser
2) Chilled Water System

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Air-conditioning
Window/ Split Units
Operate the same as
previous cycle, except for
fans
The fans blow air on the coils
(increases efficiency, keeps
refrigerant cooler)
The hot air is outside and the
cool air is inside (hot side and
cool side)

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Air-conditioning
Window Unit Efficiency
Measured in BTUs
EER (Energy Efficiency Rating)
EER=BTU rating/wattage
SEER (Seasonal Energy Efficiency
Rating)-better rating-uses average
values instead of values at any
given point in the cycle
COP (Coefficient of
Performance)=SEER*0.293

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Air-conditioning
Split-Ductable System Units
Partially inside and partially
outside (separate hot side
from cold side)
Hot side=condensing
unit=outside
Cold side=coils and
expansion valve-air ducts to
carry air

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Air-conditioning
Continuous-Cycle Absorption Systems

Used in large buildings

Consists of : boiler, condenser, evaporator, & absorber
Operates by gas, electricity, or kerosene
Ammonia, Water, and Hydrogen present
No moving parts-advantage

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Vapor Absorption Cycle

Expansion
Device

Condenser
Generator

Evaporator

Pump

Absorber

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Air-conditioning
AC system used in our plant
In our plant we are using various combination of units
Centralized Air-conditioning through Chilled water and
air handling unit combination, where chilled water is
generated in a central location and circulated to different
place as desired
DX Unit with AHU combination with water cooled condenser
DX Unit with AHU combination with air cooled condenser
Split AC, window etc