LV Network Calculations

& Use of Amtech

Jyothimon Abraham,Msc,B.E
Senior Electrical Engineer,B.K Gulf,Dubai

WHY BS7671 IS
IMPORTANT
Not very simple worded as DEWA/ADEWA etc.
But lot of new terminologies

Revelation of Design Process

Knowing many standards helps to know where we

stand right now

Sound Engineering Decisions are a result of knowing

of Components involved, Understanding of related
standards and experiencing of process involved

TOPICS COVERED

CABLE SIZING & VOLTAGE DROP CALCULATIONS

SHORT CIRCUIT & EARTH FAULT STUDIES

DISCRIMINATION STUDIES & RELAY SETING

AMTECH PRACTICE SESSION

CABLE SIZING
CALCULATIONS
Based on BS7671 & DEWA Regulations

HEATING EFFECT ON CABLES

Concept of Thermal Equilibrium

Heat energy generated by Cable = Heat
energy dissipated by cable into the
enviornment

CORRECTION FACTORS-BASED
ON ERA STUDIES
Cable derating is done for avoiding cables subject to
Thermal stress.
Cables on Free Air
Ambient Temperature Factor (Ca)
Grouping Factor (Cg)
-Decide the method of Installation from TABLE-4A2
Thermal Insulation Factor(Ci)
Cables Under Ground
Derating factors are available for Depth of Burial,
For Ground Temperature, For Ground Thermal
Resistivity by IEC. Amtech allow user defined
Derating Factors to be incorporated.

DETERMINATION OF CABLE SIZE

Design Current (Ib)

Nominal Current(In ) of the Protective Device

Tabulated Current Carrying Capacity(It )

Criterion
In Ib

TABLE LOOK UP

AMTECH CABLE INTERFACE

VOLTAGE DROP CALCULATIONS

-Correction for Operating Temperatures

-Correction for Load Power Factors
-Correction for Temperature & Load Power
Factors

AMTECH APPROACH TO V.D

VOLTAGE DROP INTERFACES

MOTOR STARTING VOLTAGE

DROP

Voltage-sensitive devices such as drives will

drop out if voltage drop exceeds 15%.
MAXIMUM & MINIUM EXPECTED BUS
VOLTAGES-THEN UPSTREAM VOLTAGE
DROPS[voltage flicker limit]

uestions

THANK YOU

EARTH FAULT
&SHORT CIRCUIT
STUDIES
BS 7671 ,IEC
60947,BS7430

TOUCH VOLTAGE CURVE

30mA

for 2 sec is
safe as per touch
voltage curve
Is D.C Shock OR
A.C Shock high?
Comparing Touch
voltage curves ,d.c
gets dangerous at
150mA,1sec.

EARTH FAULT
TERMINOLOGY
TOUCH

VOLTAGE

[Direct Shock Situation]

Ut

Ut = 230*Z2/ (Ze+Z1+Z2) = 230*0.196/

(0.142+0.12+0.1966)=64V

Supplemtary Bonding & Ut

This method is called Earthed Equipotential

Bonding& Automatic Disconnection of
supply(EEBADOS)

SAFE DISCONNECTION TIME

0.4

seconds for small power outlets and

final sub circuits not exceeding 63A
5 seconds for sub mains and final sub
circuits feeding fixed equipment

EARTH LOOP IMPEDANCE

SHORT CIRCUIT TERMINOLGY

PROSPECTIVE SHORT
CIRCUIT CURRENT
PEAK FAULT CURRENT
WITHSTAND
CPD BREAKING
CAPACITY
INSTANTENEOUS TRIP
CURRENTQ
CASCADE RATED
BREAKING CAPACITY

Prevention Arc Flash Hazard

Use

of PPE

ADIABATIC CHECK
K2S2

= I 2t

Means
Heat Energy Withstand of Cable =
Electrical Energy Allowed for cable
This is called adiabatic since it doesnt
consider heat energy lost at
atmosphere ,ie,If current flows after
5secs.

Impedance Diagrams

z-BUS CONCEPT

uestions

thank you

DISCRIMINATION
STUDIES & RELAY
SETTING

ELECTRONIC TRIP
CHARECTERSITCS OF BREAKER
How many Cycles
withstand an
Equipment can
Endure?

GROUND CHARACTERISTICS OF
BREAKER

DISCRIMINATION LIMIT

CONCEPT OF TIME GRADING

below 0.05 sec or three cycles on the time axis) is
the instantaneous trip function
Short time settings cover the time range from
0.05 to 0.5 sec (three to 30 cycles).
Long time settings cover the time range from 0.5
to 1000 sec.
Max trip time of 2SEC

Concept of ZONING

TYPES OF DISCRIMINATION
Time Discrimination
Energy Discrimination
Zone Selective Discrimnation

AMTECH DISCRIMINATION
INTERFACE

AMTECH RELAY SETTING

INTERFACE

PERFECT DISCRIMINATION

ZONE SELECTIVE
INTERLOCKING

THANK YOU

Questions