Transient response of RL

AND RC CIRCUIT.
H M SAJJAD ASLAM
EE113051

CAPACITOR
A capacitor is electric element to
store electric charge .
It consists of two conductors of any
shape placed near one another without
touching.

The magnitude q of the charge on each plate of a capacitor is directly proportional to the magnitude V of the potential difference between
the plates:

Where C Is The Capacitance

SI Unit of Capacitance: coulomb/volt= farad (F)

q Cv

q (t0 )
Note: v(t0 )
dq
dv(t ) Capacitors C
i (t ) C
dt
dt
1 t
1 t0
1 t
v(t ) i ( x)dx i ( x)dx i ( x)dx
C
C
C t0
1 t
v(t ) v(t0 ) i ( x)dx
C t0
We see that the capacitor voltage depends on the past history of the
capacitor current. Thus, we say that the capacitor has a memory a
property we can exploit.

The capacitor has the following important

properties:
1.

When the voltage across a capacitor is constant (not changing with

time) the current through the capacitor:
i = C dv/dt = 0
Thus, a capacitor is an open circuit to dc. If, however, a dc
voltage is suddenly connected across a capacitor, the capacitor
begins to charge (store energy).

2.

The voltage across a capacitor must be continuous, since a jump (a

discontinuity) change in the voltage would require an infinite current,
which is physically impossible. Thus, a capacitor resists an abrupt
change in the voltage across it, and the voltage across a
capacitor cannot change instantaneously, whereas, the current
can.

Inductors
An inductor is a passive element that stores energy in its magnetic
field. Generally. An inductor consists of a coil of conducting wire wound
around a core. For the inductor

di (t )
v(t ) L
dt
where L is the inductance in henrys (H),
and 1 H = 1 volt second/ampere.
Inductance is the property whereby an inductor exhibits
opposition to the change of current flowing through it.

An inductor has the following important

properties:
1. An inductor acts like a short circuit to dc, since from

di (t )
v(t ) L
dt

v = 0 when i = a constant.
2.

The current through an inductor cannot change

instantaneously, since an instantaneous change in current would
require an infinite voltage, which is not physically possible.

Inductors
di (t )
v(t ) L
dt

1 t
1 t0
1 t
i (t ) v( x)dx v( x)dx v( x)dx
L
L
L t0
1 t
i (t ) i (t0 ) v( x )dx
L t0
where i(t0) = the total current evaluated at t0 and i() 0 (which is
reasonable since at some time there was no current in the inductor).

An inductor has the following important

properties:
1. An inductor acts like a short circuit to dc, since from

di (t )
v(t ) L
dt

v = 0 when i = a constant.
2.

The current through an inductor cannot change

instantaneously, since an instantaneous change in current would
require an infinite voltage, which is not physically possible.

RC CIRCUIT
A CIRCUIT WHICH HAS ONLY SINGLE
ENERGY(CAPACITOR) STORING
ELEMETN AND RESISTIVE ELEMENT IS
CALLED RC CIRCUIT