OVERPOPULATION

OVERPOPULATION
Socio-economic
Issue RELATED
Related to TO
Health
SOCIO-ECONOMIC
ISSUE
HEALTH

What is Overpopulation?
Overpopulation is an undesirable condition where

the number of existing human population exceeds

the carrying capacity of the Earth.
It is a function of the number of individuals

compared to the relevant resources,

such as water and essential nutrients
they need to survive.

Two Types of Overpopulation

People

Overpopulation
o

Due to overpopulation,
people consume too few
resources resulting in
malnutrition.
Occurs in developing
countries.

Consumption

Overpopulation
o

Occurs when people

consume too large of a
share of resources
resulting in pollution.
Occurs in developed
countries.

Causes of Overpopulation
Decline in Death Rate
Better Medical Facilities
More hands to Overcome Poverty
Technological Advancement in Fertility Treatment
Immigration
Lack of Family Planning

Decline in Death Rate

Low death rate
High birth rate

Better Medical Facilities

Better means of producing

food.
Discoveries which defeat a

whole range of diseases.

Some illnesses were cured

because of the invention of

vaccines.

More Hands to Overcome Poverty

Families that have been through

poverty, natural disasters, or are

simply in need of more hands to
work are a major factor for
overpopulation.

As compared to earlier
times, most of these extra
children survive and consume
resources that are not
sufficient in nature.

Technological Advancement in Fertility Treatment

It has become possible

for couple who are

unable to conceive to
undergo fertility
treatment methods and
have their own babies.

Immigration
Many people prefer to move to

developed countries where best

facilities are available in terms of
medical, education, security, and
employment.
The end result is that those
people settle over there and those
places become overcrowded.

Lack of Family Planning

Most developing nations have large number of

people who are illiterate, live below poverty line, and

have little or no knowledge about family planning.

Effects of Overpopulation
Positive Effects
More

progress
Larger Workforce
Economic Growth

Negative Effects

Resource Scarcity
Environmental Damage
Rise in Unemployment
High Cost of Living
Food Shortages/Starvation
Water Supply
Contamination
Easily Spread Diseases
Rising Conflicts Between
Territories

Positive Effects
More Progress
The more the people that

there are, the more ideas

that they can produce
which help the world
progress within technology,
science, and beliefs.

Larger Workforce
More people means more
work could be done. The
larger the population also
open ups the opportunities
for new work and work
roles to make an
appearance.

Positive Effects

Economic Growth
Increase in the number or
people increases the demand
and purchase of products such
as food, clothing, educationrelated expenses, etc. which
help in the flow of the economy.

Negative Effects
Resource Scarcity
In areas of tremendous

population growth, fossil fuels,

timber, water, and arable land
can become scarce because of
overconsumption and
degradation.

Environmental Damage

Increase in population also

increases the consumption of

energy for transportation, heat,
food production, and other
activities that generates air, land,
and water pollution.

Negative Effects
High Cost of Living
As difference between demand and

supply continues to expand due to

overpopulation, it raises the prices
of various commodities including
food, shelter, and healthcare.

Rise in Unemployment

When a country becomes

overpopulated, it gives rise to
unemployment as there fewer jobs
to support large number of people.

Negative Effects
Water Supply Contamination
Due to lack of residential lots,

people, especially in the urban

areas live near bodies of water like
rivers.
Factories and industrial buildings
releases chemicals to bodies of
water.

Food Shortages/Starvation
More people, more food

consumption.
Limited food supply.

Negative Effects
Easily Spread Diseases
Communicable diseases

can easily spread when

people are closer to each
other.

Rising Conflicts Between Territories

Because of limited

resources, people compete

with each other resulting
in conflicts.

Statistical Updates
WORLD
ASIA
PHILIPPINES

Population of the World

Figure 1. 2014 World Population Clock

Population Reference Bureau

Figure 2. 10 Most Populous Countries in 2014

Population Reference Bureau

Figure 3. Projected 1950-2050 Population of the World

U.S. Census Bureau

According to the United Nations World Population Prospect

report, the world population is currently growing by approximately 74 million
people per year.

Population of Asia
Mid-2014
Population
(in
millions)

Births
per 1000

Deaths
per 1000

Rate of
Natural
Increase(%)

Asia

4 351

18

1.1

5 252

Western Asia

255

22

1.7

387

South Central

1 874

22

1.6

2 516

Central

67

24

1.8

93

South

1806

22

1.5

2 422

Southeast

621

19

1.3

831

East

1601

12

0.4

1 519

Figure 4. Population of Asia in 2014

Population Reference Bureau

Mid-2050 Projected
Population
(in millions)

Top 10 Most Populous Countries in Asia (2013)

Rank

Country

Population

China

1,357,379,000

India

1,257,476,000

Indonesia

248,731,000

Pakistan

183,936,000

Bangladesh

154,514,000

Japan

127,223,000

Philippines

98,007,000

Vietnam

89,702,000

Iran

76,789,000

10

Turkey

76,081,000

Figure 5. 10 Most Populous Countries in Asia as of 2014

World Population Statistics

Population of the Philippines

Figure 6.1. Population of the Philippines in 2010

Philippines Statistics Authority

Mid-2014 population (in millions)

Figure 6.2. Population of the Philippines in 2014

Population Reference Bureau

Rank

Region Name

Population

Region 4A (CALABARZON)

12, 609, 803

NCR

11,855,975

Region 3 (Central Luzon)

10,137,737

Region 6 (Western Visayas)

7,102,438

Region 7 (Central Visayas)

6,800,180

Region 5 (Bicol Region)

5,420,411

Region 1 (Ilocos Region)

4,748,372

Region 11 (Davao Region)

4,468,503

Region 10 (Northern Mindanao Region)

4,297,323

10

Region 12 (SOCCSKSARGEN)

4,109,571

Figure 7. 10 Most Populous Regions in the Philippines as of 2014

Figure 8. Projected Population of the Philippines from 2000-2040

Philippines Statistics Authority

Policy Recommendations
Making people aware of Family Planning.

Raising awareness among people regarding family

planning and letting them know about serious after
effects of overpopulation can help curb population
growth.
Tax Benefits or Concessions. Making provisions in
taxation that favor families with none or limited
number or children.
Knowledge of Sex Education. Imparting sex
education to young kids so that they can be aware of
the effects of having children at a young age.

Policy Recommendations
Family Planning Program that include a

persuasion element to encourage couples to adopt

a small family size norm.
Incentives and disincentives. These involves
eliminating all implicit subsidies for large families;
offering financial or other incentives for small
families; imposing disincentives for large families.
Birth quotas imposed on families.
Government commitment to decreasing
population growth.

China: Most Populous Country in the World

One Child Per Family Policy (1979)
Citizens must obtain a birth certificate before the birth

of their children.
The citizens would be offered special benefits if they
agreed to have only one child.
Citizens who did have more than one child would
either be taxed an amount up to fifty percent of their
income, or punished by loss of employment or other
benefits
Unplanned pregnancies or pregnancies without the
proper authorization would need to be terminated.

China: Most Populous Country in the World

Birth Control Programs & Economical Changes.

In the early '80's, sterilization target goals were

set and made mandatory for people who had two

children. At its peak in 1983, tubal ligations,
vasectomies, and abortions amounted to thirty-five
percent of the total birth control methods.
The economy changed from primarily one of
agriculture to industry. The government used
this to its advantage; spreading the view that
economic growth would hinder population growth.

Philippines Population Control and Management Policies

Establishment of POPCOM (Commission on Population)

1967 by Pres. Ferdinand Marcos

Executive Order 171

The Population Act

RA 6365 (1971)
Made family planning part of a strategy for national development.

The Population Management Program

Pres. Ramos (1993)

Policymakers and politicians began to focus on reproductive
health.

Responsible Parenthood and Family Planning Program

Promote natural family planning, birth spacing, and breastfeeding.

END

Prepared by:
Denn Andrew Fortuno
Joshua Kris Sunga
Karlo Tendencia
Junamay Delos Santos
Jerlyn Anne Masculino
BMLS 2D