Controlling

Controlling :
Controlling

is determining what is being

accomplished that is evaluating the
performance and, if necessary, applying
corrective measures so that performance
takes place according to plans.

MEANING

DEFINITION

Features of controlling :
It

is an important managerial function.

It involves preparation of plans and
setting the standards.
It
records
deviation
of
actual
performance
from
the
standard
performance.
It ensures performance according to
plans.
It is positive and corrective function.

Nature of Controlling :
Pervasive
Continuous
Future

activities
Accordance with plans
Forward looking
Action oriented
Process of influence

Importance of Controlling :
Achievement

of Goals
Adaptability to Environment
Improvement in Quality
Avoids Wastage
Removes weak points
Raises Employee Morale
Adjustments in Operations

Process of Control :

Need of Control :

Judging

the accuracy of standards.

Minimize dishonest behavior.
Better performance.

Advantages of Control :
Adjustment

in operation: The objectives of the

org are achieved only when the plans are
properly implemented .
Verification of policies
Managerial accountability
Maintaining morality
Co-ordination
Efficiency

Limitations of Control :
Absence

of perfect standards
Uncontrollable factors
Difficulty in fixing responsibility
Expensive process

Techniques of Controlling :
Direct

Supervision
Ratio Analysis
Budgetary Control
Break Even Analysis
Management Audit
Self Control
Written Instructions

Co-ordination

Co-ordination :
Co-ordination

deals with the task of

blending efforts in order to ensure
successful attainment of an objective. It
is accomplished by means of planning,
organizing, actuating and controlling.

MEANING

DEFINITION

Features of co-ordination :
Not

a separate function.
Managerial responsibility.
Provides unity of action.
Relevance of group efforts.
Necessary at all levels.
Continuous and Dynamic process.
System concept.

Need and Importance of Co-ordination :

Unity

in diversity
Team work
Functional differentiation
Specialization
Reconciliation of goals
Large number of employees
Continuity of flows
Empire building
Differentiation and Integration

Principles of Co-ordination :
Personal

contact
Continuity
Dynamism
Simplified organization
Clear cut objectives
Effective communication
Effective leadership
Effective supervision

Techniques of Co-ordination :
Co-ordination
Co-ordination
Co-ordination
Co-ordination
Co-ordination
Co-ordination

by
by
by
by
by
by

command
personal leadership
communication
committees
group meetings
special appointee

Types of Co-ordination :

Internal

co-ordination
Vertical co-ordination
Horizontal co-ordination
External co-ordination