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Advantages of PLCs
in p u t c o il
O R
n o r m a lly
c lo s e d n o r m a lly
open
O R
Logical Control 115VA C
wall plug
with Relays
relay logic
output C
input A input B
(normally open) (normally open)
(normally closed)
A B C
ladder logic
push buttons
Relay Logic
In a PLC power
supply
+24V
com.
PLC
inputs
ladder
logic
A B C
outputs
115Vac light
AC power
neut.
Reading Ladder Logic
HOT NEUTRAL
A B X
C D G Y
E F H
INPUTS OUTPUTS
A B
C D
EN D
N o t e : T h e n o t a t io n s h o w n a b o v e is SO R
n o t s t a n d a r d A lle n - B r a d le y BST
n o t a t io n . T h e p r o g r a m t o t h e X IC A
r ig h t w o u ld b e t h e A - B e q u iv a X IO B
le n t . N X B
X IO C
X IO D
BN D
O TE X
EO R
EN D
SFCs
Start
flash
power down
End
Structured Text
i := 0 ;
REPEA T
i := i + 1 ;
U N T IL i > = 1 0
EN D _R EPEA T;
PLC in a Control Loop
PROCESS
PLC
The Four Stages of a PLC Scan
x
IIT
x x
When the L coil is energized, x will be toggled on, it will stay on until the U coil
is energized. This is like a flip-flop and stays set even when the PLC is turned of f.
x x
L
U
Some PLCs will allow immediate outputs that do not wait for the program scan to
end before setting an output. (Note: This instruction will only update the outputs using
the output table, other instruction must change the individual outputs.)
x
IOT
Note: Outputs are also commonly shown using parentheses ’-( )-’ instead
of the circle. This is because many of the programming systems are text
based and circles cannot be drawn.
Sample Problem: