PAPOVIRIDAE

&
HEPADNAVIRIDAE
Jofeliz Gracia M. Junsay
BSN-II

Family: Papovaviridae
Genus: Papillomavirus
Species: rabbit (Shope) papilloma

virus; also cow, deer, dog, goat

hamster, human and sheep papilloma
virus

Genus: Polyomavirus
Species: polyoma virus (mouse);

also BKV and JCV (human), HD

(stump-tailed macaque), K (mouse),
RKV (rabbit) and SV40 (monkey)
The prefix papova derived from

pa(pilloma), po(lyoma) and

va(cuolating agent), the original
name for Simian Virus 40

PAPOVAVIRIDAE
a former family of double-stranded

DNA viruses
o Polyomaviruses
o Papillomaviruses
cause begin skin tumors (warts) in a
variety of mammalian species which
serve as natural hosts.

Papovaviridae
In rabbits, tumors regularly become

malignant if they persist for a

sufficiently long time
Occasionally separate warts regress
spontaneously
morphology similar to that of the
smaller polyomaviruses

General Characteristics
Non-enveloped isometric particles

ranging in size from 45 nm

(polyomaviruses) to 55 nm diameter
(papillomaviruses)
Have protein shell (capsid)
Composed of 72 capsomers in a skew
icosahedral arrangement which
encapsulates a minichromosome
Composed of a single molecule of
closed circular double-staranded DNA
associated with cellular histones

General Characteristics
No lipids present
Non-infectious polymorphic forms
Including empty capsids, small

isometric particles and hollow

cylindrical aggregates of capsomers
Usually present in virus preparations
Role in viral replication is unclear

Papovaviridae
Replicate and assemble in the nuclei

of infected cells
Resistant to treatment with acid, heat
or either
Most species are potentially oncogenic
Polyoma virus is the first animal virus
whose capsid structure wa solved at
low-resolution by X-ray crystallography

Papillomaviru Polyomaviruse
s
ses
Cause tumors in

natural hosts

cause tumors in

species different
from the species of
origin
Contain smallest
amount of genetic
information

Polyoma and SV40

Most extensively characterized

papovaviruses
Occur in a single antigenic type
immunologically unrelated to each
other
Polyoma virus is the first animal virus
whose capsid structure was solved at
low-resolution by X-ray crystallography

Polyoma and SV40

the DNA/protein complex also called

minichromosome -- contains a duplex

DNA molecule
Occur in a single antigenic type
immunologically unrelated to each
other
Most extensively characterized
papovaviruses

SV40
21 nucleosomes could be packed
With little or no pertubation of their

structure, inside the capsid

Polyoma Virus (Py)

Physical and Chemical Characteristics:
Mature virions are isometric particles
with a diameter of 49.5 nm (interparticle distance in crystals)
Each particle contains a
nucleohistone complex contained
within a shelf of protein subunits (the
capsid)

VP1
major coat protein
contitutes about 80% of the virus
protein
Only have been isolated and the
surface morphology of the capsid is
the same as that observed in
complete virions
VP2 & VP3
The structure of the mature virion is
unclear

Biological Properties
Lytic infection of permissive cells
Infection cycle of Py is initiated by

absorption and pinocytosis of virions

into permissive cells (such as mouse
embryo or kidney)
Virions lose capsid protein and the
DNA may associate with host proteins
enter the nucleus

Biological Properties
Limited DNA coding potential means

that cell supplies the enzymes and

factors required for viral replication,
transcription and translation
Infections alters normal cellular
functions:
Resting cells reenter the cell cycle
Entire complement of host DNA is
replicated
Cellular protein synthesis is

Relationship between the early and

late phases of viral replication are still

unclear
T antigen
~Function as an ATPase, indirectly
necessary to enhance the
phosphorylation of VP1
~Syntesize appropriate levels of the
viral DNA and viral coatproteins
~Do not produce normal levels of
mature virion

 Virions remain in the nucleus or

move to the cytoplasm after

rupture of the nuclear membrane
and accumalate in cytoplasmic
vacuoles awaiting cell lysis for
release.

Hepadnaviridae

TEM micrograph showing hepatitis B virions

 Virus classification
Group VII(dsDNA-RT)
Unassigned
Hepadnaviridae
Genera
Orthohepadnavirus
Avihepadnavirus

Hepadnaviruses
are a family of enveloped, double-

strandedviruses
can causeliverinfections in humans
and animals.
Its best known member is
theHepatitis B virus.

Two recognized genera:

Genus

Orthohepadnaviru
s
type species:

Hepatitis B virus

Genus

Avihepadnavirus
type species:

Duck hepatitis B
virus

Virology

Hepadnaviruses

Virology
Genome:
have very smallgenomes of

partially double-stranded, partially

single stranded circularDNA.
consists of 2 uneven strands of
DNA.
- 1 has a negative-sense orientation
- the other, shorter, strand has a

positive-sense orientation.

Virology
Genome:
As it is a group 7 virus, replication
involves anRNA intermediate.
Three mainopen reading frames
are encoded (ORFs) and the virus.

Virology
Four known genes:
core protein
the viruspolymerase
surfaceantigens(preS1, preS2,
and S)
the X protein.
The X protein is thought to be non-

structural
function and significance are poorly
understood.

Virology
Replication:
replicate through anRNA intermediate
(which they transcribe back into cDNA
usingreverse transcriptase).
reverse transcriptase becomes
covalently linked to a short 3- or 4nucleotide primer.
Most will only replicate in specific
hosts, and this makes experiments
using in vitro methods very difficult.

Virology
virus binds to specific receptors on

cells and the core particle enters the

cellcytoplasm
undergoestranscriptionby the host

cell RNA polymerase and the

transcript is translated by host
cellribosomes

New virus particles are formed

acquire lipid from the

endoplasmic reticulum of the

host cell
genome is packaged, which
then bud off from the cell

Virology

Virions
Formed by:
Hepadnavirus-infected cells translate
the protein
(virus surface antigen)
too much protein coat
aggregate to form rod shapes
known as the Australian or hepatitis B
surface antigen
released from the cell and which leads
to a very strong immune response from
the host

Hepatovirus
original hosts with mammals

becoming infected after a bird --->

mammal host shift

End