ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR

S T E P H E N P. R O B B I N S
WWW.PRENHALL.COM/ROBBINS

OBJECTIVES
LEARNING

AFTER
AFTER STUDYING
STUDYING THIS
THIS CHAPTER,
CHAPTER,
YOU
YOU SHOULD
SHOULD BE
BE ABLE
ABLE TO:
TO:
1. Define the key biographical characteristics.
2. Identify two types of ability.
3. Shape the behavior of others.
4. Distinguish between the four schedules of
reinforcement.
5. Clarify the role of punishment in learning.
6. Practice self-management
7. Exhibit effective discipline skills.

22

Biographical
Biographical Characteristics
Characteristics

23

Ability
Ability

24

Dimensions
Dimensions of
of
Intellectual
Intellectual Ability
Ability
Number
Numberaptitude
aptitude
Verbal
Verbalcomprehension
comprehension
Perceptual
Perceptualspeed
speed
Inductive
Inductivereasoning
reasoning
Deductive
Deductivereasoning
reasoning
Spatial
Spatialvisualization
visualization
Memory
Memory
EXHIBIT

2-1
25

Physical
Physical Ability
Ability

26

Nine
Nine Physical
PhysicalAbilities
Abilities
Strength
StrengthFactors
Factors
Dynamic
Dynamicstrength
strength
Trunk
Trunkstrength
strength
Static
Staticstrength
strength
Explosive
Explosivestrength
strength

Other
OtherFactors
Factors

Flexibility
FlexibilityFactors
Factors
Extent
Extentflexibility
flexibility
Dynamic
Dynamicflexibility
flexibility

Body
Bodycoordination
coordination
Balance
Balance
Stamina
Stamina

EXHIBIT

2-2
27

The
The Ability-Job
Ability-Job Fit
Fit

Employees
Abilities

Ability-Job
Fit

Jobs Ability
Requirements

28

Learning
Learning

Learning
Learning
Involves
Involveschange
change
Is
Isrelatively
relativelypermanent
permanent
Is
Isacquired
acquiredthrough
throughexperience
experience
29

Theories
Theories of
of Learning
Learning

Key
KeyConcepts
Concepts
Unconditioned
Unconditionedstimulus
stimulus
Unconditioned
Unconditionedresponse
response
Conditioned
Conditionedresponse
response
210

Theories
Theories of
of Learning
Learning (contd)
(contd)

Key
KeyConcepts
Concepts
Reflexive
Reflexive(unlearned)
(unlearned)behavior
behavior
Conditioned
Conditioned(learned)
(learned)behavior
behavior
Reinforcement
Reinforcement
211

Theories
Theories of
of Learning
Learning (contd)
(contd)

Key
KeyConcepts
Concepts
Attention
Attentionprocesses
processes
Retention
Retentionprocesses
processes
Motor
Motorreproduction
reproductionprocesses
processes
Reinforcement
Reinforcementprocesses
processes
212

Theories
Theories of
of Learning
Learning (contd)
(contd)

Key
KeyConcepts
Concepts
Reinforcement
Reinforcementis
isrequired
requiredto
tochange
changebehavior.
behavior.
Some
Somerewards
rewardsare
aremore
moreeffective
effectivethan
thanothers.
others.
The
Thetiming
timingof
ofreinforcement
reinforcementaffects
affectslearning
learning
speed
speedand
andpermanence.
permanence.
213

Schedules
Schedules of
of Reinforcement
Reinforcement

214

Schedules
Schedules of
of Reinforcement
Reinforcement (contd)
(contd)

215

Behavior
Behavior Modification
Modification

Problem-solving
Problem-solvingModel
Model
Identify
Identifycritical
criticalbehaviors
behaviors
Develop
Developbaseline
baselinedata
data
Identify
Identifybehavioral
behavioralconsequences
consequences
Apply
Applyintervention
intervention
Evaluate
Evaluateperformance
performanceimprovement
improvement
216

OB
OB MOD
MOD Organizational
Organizational Applications
Applications
Well Pay versus Sick Pay
Reduce absenteeism by rewarding attendance,
not absence.

Employee Discipline
The use of punishment can be counterproductive.

Developing Training Programs

OB MOD methods improve training
effectiveness.

Self-management
Reduces the need for external management
control.
217