PERENCANAAN KOTA

- PER TU M B U H A N D A N PE R K EM B A N G A N K O TA-

Oleh :
Dr. Ir. Firmansyah, MT.
Jurusan Teknik Planologi
Fakultas Teknik
Universitas Pasundan Bandung
2009

Urban sprawl is commonly used to describe physically

expanding urban areas. the European Environment Agency
(EEA 2006B) has described sprawl as the phiysical pattern of
low-density expansion of large urban areas, under market
conditions, mainly into the surrounding agricultureal areas.
Sprawl is the leading edge of urban growth and implies little
planning control of land subdivision. Development is patchy,
scattered and strung out, with a tendency for discontinuity. It
leapfrogs over areas, leaving agricultural enclaves. Sprawling
cities are opposite of compact cities - full of empty spaces
that indicate the inefficiencies in development and highlight
the consequences of uncontrolled growth. (Cooper, 2009: 46)
Ian Cooper and Martin Symes (2009). Sustainable Urban
Development (Volume 4: Changing Professional Practice).
Oxon: Routledge.

Location Patterns ofCities

Economic Base Theory

T=X+D
T = Total employment
X = employment in export sector
D = employment in domestic sector

Basic
Non basic

LQ

Domestic sector serve export sector

D=
dX
T = X + dX
T = (I+d)X
T = (I+d)X
T
= (I+d)X
X
Extra job created in export sector increase in total empl
I +d
in migration of
labour

Rank Size Rule

STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT
(WILBUR THOMPSONS & BASIC NONBASIC)

1.

Export Specoalization
Single Manufacturing export (goods)

2.

Export complex
2 more goods

3.

Economic maturation
local service sector (retailing, transportation)

4.

Regional Metropolis
wholesaler & financial center for its satellites (provides services to the
regional hinterland)

5.

Technical Professional Virtuosity

(Keahlian profesional teknik)

ECONOMIES OF SCALE
- Efficiencies larger operation specialization
Larger cities
- Urbanization economies :
larger labor markets
access to financial resources
infrastructure
- Locallization economies :
take advantage of skilled labor markets, foster intrafirm
cooperation/communication specialization
Clustering of firms : aerospace, steel, automobile
Basic/Non basic ratios
Basic sector =
primary external
basic town building

Sells goods/service outside the city

Revenue for local area
Receive funding from outside
(ex. University, medical complex)

GROWTH POLE THEORY

Francois Perroux

growth was not balanced,

concentrated at certain points
Propulsive industry

but

disproportionately

Circular and Cumulative Causation :

Industrialization and urban development
was not balanced is :
1. Emphasizing the role of larger urban markets
as growth leader
2. Uneven development process
decentralization of activities