W2

Question-1
Two blocks of weight W1= W2= 55N rests on a rough
inclined plane and connected by a string as shown. The
coefficient of friction between the inclined plane and W1
and W2 are and
respectively. Find the inclination
of the plane for which slipping will impend.
X-axis
Y-axis

W2
W1

Solution
Free body diagrams of W1 and W2 are as following:-

W1
Free body diagram for
block 1

W2
Free body diagram for
block 2

Equilibrium equations for block 1

T-

T-

(eq. 1)

(eq. 2)

Using eq2 and eq.1

T- )=0
T = 55* )

(eq. 3)

Equilibrium equations for block 2

-T-T-

(eq. 4)

=
(eq. 5)
Using eq4 and eq.5
-T- )=0
T= - )=0
T = - 55* )
(eq. 6)

T = 55* )

(eq. 3)

T = - 55* )

(eq. 6)

Comparing LHS of both the eq.

55* ) = - 55* )
2*(55*) = ) + )
2*(55*) = )
= 0.3
= 16.699 (Ans)

Question 2
Two
blocks of weight W1 and W2 are connected by a string

and rest on a horizontal plane as shown. Find the magnitude

and direction of the least force P that should be applied to
the upper block to introduce sliding. The coefficient of
friction for block is to be taken as

Solutions:Free body diagrams of W1 and W2 are as following:-

Free body diagram for

block 1

Free body diagram for

block 2

Equilibrium equations for block 1

which implies =
(eq1)

Cos

=-P+

(eq2)

Substitute from eq.2 to eq.1

= - (- P + )

( eq.3)

Equilibrium equations for block 2

which implies =
(eq4)

sin

(eq5)

Substitute from eq.5 to eq.4

= ()

( eq.6)

 = - (- P + )
( eq.3)

= ()
( eq.6)
Comparing LHS of both eq.
- (- P + )= ()
P=
We know that = tan
P=
The applied force will be minimum when the denominator will be maximum
Thus = 1
=0
Thus the value of least force applied is P= and at an angle of
degree to the horizontal

Question 3
Two blocks are of weight W1 = 1000N rests on a
horizontal surface and supports on its top another block
of weight W2=250N. The weight W2 is attached by an
inclined string AB to the vertical wall. Find the
magnitude of the horizontal force P applied to the lower
block to cause slipping to impend. The coefficient of
friction for all contact surface is 0.3
3
4

Solution
Free body diagrams of W1 and W2 are as following:T

sin36.86

Free body diagram for

block 2

Free body diagram for

block 1

Equilibrium equations for block 2

which implies =
(eq1)

= -

sin36.86

(eq2)

Substitute from eq.2 to eq.1

T = 76.5 N
Substituting T in eq. 2
= 204.1N

Equilibrium equations for block 1

P- - =0

which implies =
P

(eq3)

- 204.1 1000 = 0
= 1204.1 N
Substitute and in eq.3
P = ()
P = 0.3 (204.1 + 1204.1)
P = 422.24 N

Free body diagram for

block 1

Question-10
What is the value of P in the system shown to cause the
motion to impend? Assume thee pulley is smooth and
coefficient of friction between the other contact
surfaces is 0.2
P
500 N

0
5
7

Introduction to Dynamics
Basic terms:Motion :A body is said to be in motion if it is changing its position with respect to a reference point.

Distance and Displacement :Distance is the total length of path covered by the body to reach from point A to point B. It is a
scalar quantity.
Displacement is the linear distance between the point A and point B.
It has magnitude and direction thus it is vector quantity.

Speed and Velocity :Speed is defined as the rate of change of distance with time. Speed is scalar quantity.
Velocity is defined as the rate of change of displacement with time. Velocity is vector quantity.

If
the body covers displacement s in time interval t, then the velocity is
But if the velocity of particle is given at an instant it is called
instantaneous velocity, mathematically it is given by
Unit of velocity :- SI unit is m/sec
But in practical cases unit of velocity is also taken as km/h or kmph
Relation between m/sec and km/h

Example 1: Convert 72 Km/h to m/sec

Ans : we know that the 1 km/h = m/sec
thus 72 km/h = 72* m/sec
= 20 m/sec

and retardation :Acceleration

The rate of change of velocity with respect to time is called

acceleration.
Mathematically it is defined as
Acceleration can be positive and negative.
1)A positive acceleration is simply called acceleration
2)A negative acceleration is called as retardation or deceleration.
Also we can write:Unit of Acceleration :- SI unit is

Types of motion
Translation :- A motion is said to be translation if a straight drawn on the moving body remains
parallel to its original position at any time.
Rectilinear motion :- During translation if the path traced by any point in the body is straight, it
is called rectilinear motion
Curvilinear motion :- During translation if the path traced by any point in the body is curve, it
is called curvilinear motion.
Rotation:- A motion is said to be in rotational motion if all the particle of the rigid body move in
concentric circles.
Motion can be a combination of translation and rotation.
For example motion of a wheel of a car is both rotational and translational

Motion of body with uniform(constant)

acceleration
Let
us consider the motion of body with uniform
acceleration a.

Where v final velocity

u initial velocity
t time taken to change the velocity from u to v
(eq.1)
Displacement ,

(eq.2)

Substituting

eq1 into eq2

(eq. 3)
Eq1. can also be written as
Substitute the value of t in eq2
(eq.4)

 Motion
of body can be represented by these three equation

(eq.1)
(eq. 3)
(eq.4)
Motion of body under gravity
We know that gravity always acts towards the center of
earth(vertically downwards)
If we take upward motion as positive then a = -g = -9.8

Question bank (10 mark)

Q2
The position of a particle moving along a straight line is defined by
the relation
Where x expressed in meters and t in seconds. Determine the position,
time and acceleration of the particle when its velocity becomes zero.
Ans:

velocity :
acceleration:

thus in the given question we have to find the time t at which velocity becomes
zero
By differentiating x w.r.t. time
On solving the quadratic equation we get time t

 Thus at time t = 1 sec and 5 sec

The displacement are 25 m, -7 m
Acceleration are -12,12

 Q3. the acceleration of a particle along a straight line is

given by the equation.
If the particle starts with zero velocity from a position
x=0, find
a) Its velocity after 6 seconds
b) Distance travelled in 6 seconds

D Alemberts principle
If there is a net force or Resultant is acting on the body,
it can be equal to the product of mass and
acceleration in the direction of resultant force.
The above equation can also be written as
The term -ma is seen as a force applied in the direction
opposite to motion and it is termed as inertia force.
D Alembert states that the system of forces acting
on a body in motion is in dynamic equilibrium with
the inertia force of the body. This is known as D

Physical
meaning of inertia:

Inertia force is the resistance offered by a body to the change in its

state of rest or state of motion.
Q8(2 mark) A man weighting W N entered a lift which moves with an
acceleration of a m/sec2. Find the force exerted by the man on the floor.
a. Lift is moving downward

Ans.
b.
Ans.

Lift is moving upward

Work Energy method

Work

Definition:-Work done by a force is defined as the product of the component of force in the
direction of motion and the distance moved.
work done(w) =
where is the angle between force and direction of motion.
SI unit of work Joule (J) or Nm
1 joule is defined as the amount of work done by one newton force when the particle
moves 1 meter in the direction of that force.

Energy
Energy is defined as the capacity to do work. Different forms of energy are heat energy,
mechanical energy etc.
Mechanical energy is classified into potential energy and kinetic energy.

 Potential
energy : Potential energy is the capacity to do work due to

the position of the body.

A body of mass m is held at height h has potential energy of mgh

Kinetic energy:- Kinetic energy is the capacity to do work due to
motion of body.
A body moving with velocity v will have kinetic energy of .
SI Unit:- unit of energy is same as work. It is measured in Joules(N-m)
Power
Power is defined as rate of doing work. Unit of power is Watt and is
defined as one joule per second
One watt = 1J/sec

Work- Energy Equation for

translation
Consider a body is acted by a system of forces. The
resultant of system of force is R.
From newtons second law
R(resultant fore )= ma
R=
Multiplying both sides by small displacement ds

Integrating
both sides for the motion from A to B

Or

R*s =
work done = final kinetic energy initial kinetic

energy
Thus work energy principle may be stated as the work
done by a system of forces acting on a body during a
displacement is equal to the change in kinetic energy of
the body during the same displacement.