Nanotechnology

Cobalt Oxide nanoparticles

1
BY
SHARATH R
1MS10CH049
MIT, MANIPAL

Contents
2

Introduction
Synthesis
Characterization
Application
Economic Analysis
References

Introduction
3

A nanometer is 10

times the diameter

of a hydrogen
atom
The study of
manipulating the
atoms is called
nanotechnology

Cobalt Oxide nanoparticles

4

Cobalt oxide is inorganic compound with

the formula Co3O4.

It is a black antiferromagnetic solid.
It has a cubic structure

Synthesis methods
5

Sl no

Process
brief

Chemicals Reaction
used
condition
s (Temp,
Pressure)

1.

Co
precipitatio
n method

Cobalt
nitrate,
cobalt
chloride,
ammonia,
sodium
hydroxide,
polyethylen
e glycol.

Reaction
time

450 degrees 2 hours

celcius,
1atm.

Reference

Katalin
Sink, Gza
Szab, and
Mikls
Zrnyi,
2011

Sl no

Process
brief

Chemicals Reaction
used
condition
s (Temp,
Pressure)

2.

Sol gel
synthesis
method

Cobalt
nitrate,
ethyl
acetate,
ethanol

Reaction
time

500 degrees 24 hours

celcius,
1atm.

Reference

M.
Hamdani,
R. N. Singh,
and P.
Chartier,
2010

Sl no

Process
brief

Chemicals Reaction
used
condition
s (Temp,
Pressure)

Reaction
time

3.

Template
Synthesis

Cobalt
450 degrees 15 hours
chloride,
celcius,
Ammonium 1atm.
hydroxide,
anodic
aluminium
oxide
membrane

Reference

Juan Xu,
Lan Gao,
Jianyu Cao,
Wenchang
Wang,
Zhidong
Chen, 2010

Sl no

Process
brief

Chemicals Reaction
used
condition
s (Temp,
Pressure)

4.

Microemuls Cobalt
ion process acetate,
CTAB,
butanol,
isooctane

400
degrees
celcius,
(pyrolysis)
1atm.

Reaction
time

Reference

Mix slowly
overnight
for
precipitate
formation

Jahangeer
Ahmed ,
Tokeer
Ahmad ,
Kandalam
V.
Ramanujac
hary ,
Samuel E.
Lofland ,
Ashok K.
Ganguli,
2008

Sl no

Process
brief

Chemicals Reaction
used
condition
s (Temp,
Pressure)

5.

Solution
citric acid
Combustion monohydra
process
te, cobalt
nitrate
hexahydrat
e,
ammonium
nitrate.

Reaction
time

550 degrees 1 hour

celcius,
1atm.

Reference

Jiachun
Deng, Litao
Kang,
Gailing
Baid, Ying
Li, Peiyang
Li, Xuguang
Liu,Yongzh
en Yang,
Feng Gao,
Wei Liang,
2014

10

Sl no

Process
brief

Chemicals Reaction
used
condition
s (Temp,
Pressure)

6.

Solvotherm
al Process

Cobalt
acetate,
ethanol,
water,
precursor
(isonicotini
c acid)

Reaction
time

120 degrees 24 hours, 2

celcius,
hours
400
degrees
celcius
1atm.

Reference

Yanan
Huang, et
al, 2014

General Reaction
11

Co(NO3)2 Co2+ + NO3

Co2+ + 2OH Co(OH)2
Co(OH)2 + O2 Co3O4 + H2O

Characterization
12

XRD (X Ray Diffraction: General Pattern)

Fourier Transform Infra Red Spectrum

13

FT-IR General pattern

Scanning Electron Microscope

14

SEM images general

Applications
15

The key applications of cobalt oxide nanoparticles are as follows:

In micro-electronics
As nanoparticles with numerous uses in microbatteries, nanowires, and specific alloy

and catalyst applications

In catalysis, superconductors, electronic ceramics and other fields as an important
inorganic material
As catalyst and catalyst carriers
As an electrode active materials
For glass, porcelain colorants and pigments
Chemical industry oxidants
In temperature and gas sensors
In electrochromic devices
In enamels, grinding wheels, and solar energy absorbers
Water Splitting

Economic analysis
16

World consumption is 22000 tons/year

Cobalt oxide (99.9%) nanoparticles per 100g costs

Rs. 18,509/Cobalt chloride salt (99.7%) costs Rs. 5,089/- per

100 gms.
Sodium Hydroxide (97%) costs approximately Rs.
300/- per 100g
To prepare 100g of cobalt oxide by precipitation
method, it costs approximately Rs. 11,000/-

References
17

Y. Liu, W.W. Zhao, X.G. Zhang, J.Electrochem. Acta.

53 (2008) 3296
F. Zhang, L. Hao, Q.B. Fu, X.G. Zhang, Chin. J.
Inorg. Chem. 26 (2010) 827
J.Ahmed , T. Ahmad , K.V. Ramanujachary , S.E.
Lofland, A. K. Ganguli, J.Col.Sc .321 (2008) 434
W.Yang, Z. Gao, J. Ma, J. Wang, B.Wang, L.Liu,
J.Electrochem.Acta . 112 (2013) 378

THANK YOU
18