TATA BAHASA INGGRIS

Susantiningrum, S.Pd.,SE.,MAB.

Dear Sir,
Owing to the bad weather last week, we were unable to
complete the laying of your lawn. I would be very pleased if you
could let me know when it will be convenient for us to return to
finish the work.
Referring to your query about the price of shrubs. You shall
have our estimate for this by the end of the week.
Mr. Brown, our consultant, who you met some time ago, will be
able to meet you and I next week at a time to suit yourself to
consider what herbaceous plants will suit your soil.
We apologise for him not contacting your earlier, but he has
unfortunately been ill. He would be glad if you can give him some
idea of your preference as to colours in this border. Do you wish
them to be different to each other or of similar hues? If you want
to colours only, would you like less of one plant or an equal
number of each type?
Everyone of the plants we sell have, of course, our usual
guarantee.
Yours faithfully

Dear Sir,
Owing to the bad weather last week, we were unable
to complete the laying of your lawn. I should be very
pleased if you could let me know when it will be
convenient for us to return to finish the work.
With reference to your query about the price of
shrubs, you will have our estimate for this by the end of
the week.
Mr. Brown, our consultant, whom you met some time
ago, will be able to meet you and me next week at a time
to suit you to consider what herbaceous plants will suit
your soil.
We apologise for his not contacting you earlier, but he
has unfortunately been ill. He would be glad if you could
give him some idea of your preference as to colours in
this border. Do you wish them to be different from one
another or of similar hues? If you want two colours only,
would you like fewer of one plant or an equal number for

1. SENTENCE
Syarat gramatikal untuk kalimat bhs

Inggris:
minimal: Subject + Verb Inf
Kesalahan struktur biasanya pada bagian
pembuka/penutup surat. Exp:
- in reply to your letter of 8 May
- Looking forward to your early reply

Perbaikan
Kalimat pertama tidak ada subjek dan verba.

Seharusnya:
In reply to your letter of 8 May, I have
pleasure in enclosing our quotation

Perbaikan
Kalimat kedua, terdapat verba: looking, tapi

bukan Verb Inf. Serta tanpa subject.

Seharusnya:
I look forward to your early reply.

2.Kesesuaian antara Subject &

Verb
Subject tunggal verb tunggal
Subject jamak verb jamak

Exp:
Details of the new contract is to be found
overleaf.
Details jamak; is tunggal.
Details of the new contract are to be found
overleaf.

EXERCISE:
1. Each the typist are to have her own type

of stationery.
2. This is the one of papers that is to be
enclosed.
3. The committee has decided to increase
the membership fee.

The answers:
1. Each the typist is to have her own type of

stationery.
2. This is the one of papers that are to be
enclosed.
3. The committee were unable to agree.

note:
1. each, every, either, neither masing-

masing berbentuk tunggal.

2. Kata ganti that mengacu ke papers
yang bentuknya jamak. Sehingga verb
yang digunakan juga jamak.
3. Kata benda kolektif biasanya bersifat
tunggal. Kecuali jika masing-masing
individu dalam kelompoknya bertindak
secara terpisah.

3. Kesesuaian antara Adj & Kata

benda
Adj jamak kata benda jamak;
Adj tunggal kata benda tunggal.
Exp:
He could not agree with these sort of
proposals.

Seharusnya:
He could not agree with this sort of
proposals.
Atau
He could not agree with these sorts of
proposals

4. Subject dan Object

1. You and I will meet our consultant, Mr.

Brown, next week.

2. Mr. Brown will meet you and I next week.
Kalimat no 1 benar, tetapi kalimat no 2 salah.
Mengapa?

Kalimat pertama you and I sebagai

subjek.
Kalimat kedua you and I sebagai objek,
seharusnya you and me.
Exercise:
Mr. Brown will meet I next week.

5. Gerund
Bentuk gerund sama dengan keterangan
(partisipel); namun berfungsi sebagai kata
benda.
Exp.:
We apologise for him not contacting you
earlier.
Seharusnya:
We apologise for his not contacting you
earlier.

6. Kata Ganti
Menggunakan kata ganti harus diperhatikan
konsistensinya.
Exercise:
One should always read a hire-purchase
agreement carefully before he signs it.

Seharusnya:
One should always read a hire-purchase
agreement carefully before one signs it.

7. Kata Ganti Relatif

Who/whom dipakai hanya untuk mengacu

ke manusia.
Which mengacu ke benda serta mahluk
lainnya.
That dapat mengacu ke manusia, benda
atau mahluk lainnya.

Exp:
1.This is the boy, who told me the news.
2.The play, which was directed by Peter Hall,
is excellent
3.This is the play that Oscar Wide wrote.

8. Shall - Will
Pemakaian kedua kata tersebut mengacu kaidah
sbb:
Dalam pernyataan bermakna futura:
Untuk I dan we digunakan shall
Untuk you, he, she, it dan they digunakan will.
Untuk menyatakan sikap penentu atau rencana.
Merupakan kebalikan dari kaidah pertama, yaitu:
Untuk I dan we digunakan will
Untuk you, he, she, it dan they digunakan will.
Exp: 1. I shall be glad if you will call on me tomorrow
2. I will pass the examination however many
times I have to retake it.

9. Should - Would
Kaidah yang digunakan:
1.Dalam pernyataan ketidakpastian atau
keraguan; atau apabila tindakan yang satu
merupakan kondisi mutlak untuk tindakan
lain.
2.Apabila kaidah ditukar, should would
mengandung makna sesal; petunjuk halus
bahwa peristiwanya kemungkinan besar
tidak akan terjadi; disamping itu,
pemakaiannya menyampaikan suatu
keharusan atau rasa tanggungjawab.

Contoh kaidah 1; Bandingkan :

1. I should be grateful if you would visit me.
2. I should be grateful if you will visit me.
Contoh Kaidah 2;
1. I would come but I am unable to leave the
children.
2. He should visit his relatives but he does not
wish to see them

NOTE:
Jangan kacaukan makna would dengan could
berikut:
I should be grateful if you would berarti
jika anda bersedia.
I should be grateful if you could berarti
jika anda sanggup.